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Global Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Market Research Report 2024
Synopsis
An Automotive engine control unit (ECU) is a type of electronic control unit that controls a series of actuators on an internal combustion engine to ensure optimal engine performance.
It does this by reading values from a multitude of sensors within the engine bay, interpreting the data using multidimensional performance maps (called lookup tables), and adjusting the engine actuators accordingly. Before ECUs, air-fuel mixture, ignition timing, and idle speed were mechanically set and dynamically controlled by mechanical and pneumatic means.
The global Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) market was valued at US$ 11090 million in 2023 and is anticipated to reach US$ 14290 million by 2030, witnessing a CAGR of 3.6% during the forecast period 2024-2030.
Automotive is a key driver of this industry. According to data from the World Automobile Organization (OICA), global automobile production and sales in 2017 reached their peak in the past 10 years, at 97.3 million and 95.89 million respectively. In 2018, the global economic expansion ended, and the global auto market declined as a whole. In 2022, there will wear units 81.6 million vehicles in the world. At present, more than 90% of the world's automobiles are concentrated in the three continents of Asia, Europe and North America, of which Asia automobile production accounts for 56% of the world, Europe accounts for 20%, and North America accounts for 16%. The world major automobile producing countries include China, the United States, Japan, South Korea, Germany, India, Mexico, and other countries; among them, China is the largest automobile producing country in the world, accounting for about 32%. Japan is the world's largest car exporter, exporting more than 3.5 million vehicles in 2022.
This report aims to provide a comprehensive presentation of the global market for Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units), with both quantitative and qualitative analysis, to help readers develop business/growth strategies, assess the market competitive situation, analyze their position in the current marketplace, and make informed business decisions regarding Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units).
Report Scope
The Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) market size, estimations, and forecasts are provided in terms of output/shipments (Million Units) and revenue ($ millions), considering 2023 as the base year, with history and forecast data for the period from 2019 to 2030. This report segments the global Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) market comprehensively. Regional market sizes, concerning products by Type, by Application, and by players, are also provided.
For a more in-depth understanding of the market, the report provides profiles of the competitive landscape, key competitors, and their respective market ranks. The report also discusses technological trends and new product developments.
The report will help the Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) manufacturers, new entrants, and industry chain related companies in this market with information on the revenues, production, and average price for the overall market and the sub-segments across the different segments, by company, by Type, by Application, and by regions.
Market Segmentation
By Company
BOSCH
Continental
DENSO
Delphi
ZF TRW
Hyundai AUTRON
Marelli
Mitsubishi Electric
UAES
Weifu Group
LinControl
Troiltec
Hitachi Automotive
Daimler
Segment by Type
Passenger Vehicle
Commercial Vehicle
Segment by Application
OEM
Aftermarket
Production by Region
North America
Europe
China
Japan
South Korea
Consumption by Region
North America
U.S.
Canada
Europe
Germany
France
U.K.
Italy
Russia
Asia-Pacific
China
Japan
South Korea
China Taiwan
Southeast Asia
India
Latin America, Middle East & Africa
Mexico
Brazil
Turkey
GCC Countries
Chapter Outline
Chapter 1: Introduces the report scope of the report, executive summary of different market segments (by region, by Type, by Application, etc), including the market size of each market segment, future development potential, and so on. It offers a high-level view of the current state of the market and its likely evolution in the short to mid-term, and long term.
Chapter 2: Detailed analysis of Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) manufacturers competitive landscape, price, production and value market share, latest development plan, merger, and acquisition information, etc.
Chapter 3: Production/output, value of Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) by region/country. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region in the next six years.
Chapter 4: Consumption of Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) in regional level and country level. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and its main countries and introduces the market development, future development prospects, market space, and production of each country in the world.
Chapter 5: Provides the analysis of various market segments by Type, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different market segments.
Chapter 6: Provides the analysis of various market segments by Application, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different downstream markets.
Chapter 7: Provides profiles of key players, introducing the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product production/output, value, price, gross margin, product introduction, recent development, etc.
Chapter 8: Analysis of industrial chain, including the upstream and downstream of the industry.
Chapter 9: Introduces the market dynamics, latest developments of the market, the driving factors and restrictive factors of the market, the challenges and risks faced by manufacturers in the industry, and the analysis of relevant policies in the industry.
Chapter 10: The main points and conclusions of the report.
An Automotive engine control unit (ECU) is a type of electronic control unit that controls a series of actuators on an internal combustion engine to ensure optimal engine performance.
It does this by reading values from a multitude of sensors within the engine bay, interpreting the data using multidimensional performance maps (called lookup tables), and adjusting the engine actuators accordingly. Before ECUs, air-fuel mixture, ignition timing, and idle speed were mechanically set and dynamically controlled by mechanical and pneumatic means.
The global Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) market was valued at US$ 11090 million in 2023 and is anticipated to reach US$ 14290 million by 2030, witnessing a CAGR of 3.6% during the forecast period 2024-2030.
Automotive is a key driver of this industry. According to data from the World Automobile Organization (OICA), global automobile production and sales in 2017 reached their peak in the past 10 years, at 97.3 million and 95.89 million respectively. In 2018, the global economic expansion ended, and the global auto market declined as a whole. In 2022, there will wear units 81.6 million vehicles in the world. At present, more than 90% of the world's automobiles are concentrated in the three continents of Asia, Europe and North America, of which Asia automobile production accounts for 56% of the world, Europe accounts for 20%, and North America accounts for 16%. The world major automobile producing countries include China, the United States, Japan, South Korea, Germany, India, Mexico, and other countries; among them, China is the largest automobile producing country in the world, accounting for about 32%. Japan is the world's largest car exporter, exporting more than 3.5 million vehicles in 2022.
This report aims to provide a comprehensive presentation of the global market for Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units), with both quantitative and qualitative analysis, to help readers develop business/growth strategies, assess the market competitive situation, analyze their position in the current marketplace, and make informed business decisions regarding Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units).
Report Scope
The Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) market size, estimations, and forecasts are provided in terms of output/shipments (Million Units) and revenue ($ millions), considering 2023 as the base year, with history and forecast data for the period from 2019 to 2030. This report segments the global Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) market comprehensively. Regional market sizes, concerning products by Type, by Application, and by players, are also provided.
For a more in-depth understanding of the market, the report provides profiles of the competitive landscape, key competitors, and their respective market ranks. The report also discusses technological trends and new product developments.
The report will help the Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) manufacturers, new entrants, and industry chain related companies in this market with information on the revenues, production, and average price for the overall market and the sub-segments across the different segments, by company, by Type, by Application, and by regions.
Market Segmentation
By Company
BOSCH
Continental
DENSO
Delphi
ZF TRW
Hyundai AUTRON
Marelli
Mitsubishi Electric
UAES
Weifu Group
LinControl
Troiltec
Hitachi Automotive
Daimler
Segment by Type
Passenger Vehicle
Commercial Vehicle
Segment by Application
OEM
Aftermarket
Production by Region
North America
Europe
China
Japan
South Korea
Consumption by Region
North America
U.S.
Canada
Europe
Germany
France
U.K.
Italy
Russia
Asia-Pacific
China
Japan
South Korea
China Taiwan
Southeast Asia
India
Latin America, Middle East & Africa
Mexico
Brazil
Turkey
GCC Countries
Chapter Outline
Chapter 1: Introduces the report scope of the report, executive summary of different market segments (by region, by Type, by Application, etc), including the market size of each market segment, future development potential, and so on. It offers a high-level view of the current state of the market and its likely evolution in the short to mid-term, and long term.
Chapter 2: Detailed analysis of Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) manufacturers competitive landscape, price, production and value market share, latest development plan, merger, and acquisition information, etc.
Chapter 3: Production/output, value of Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) by region/country. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region in the next six years.
Chapter 4: Consumption of Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) in regional level and country level. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and its main countries and introduces the market development, future development prospects, market space, and production of each country in the world.
Chapter 5: Provides the analysis of various market segments by Type, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different market segments.
Chapter 6: Provides the analysis of various market segments by Application, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different downstream markets.
Chapter 7: Provides profiles of key players, introducing the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product production/output, value, price, gross margin, product introduction, recent development, etc.
Chapter 8: Analysis of industrial chain, including the upstream and downstream of the industry.
Chapter 9: Introduces the market dynamics, latest developments of the market, the driving factors and restrictive factors of the market, the challenges and risks faced by manufacturers in the industry, and the analysis of relevant policies in the industry.
Chapter 10: The main points and conclusions of the report.
Index1 Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Market Overview
1.1 Product Definition
1.2 Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Segment by Type
1.2.1 Global Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Market Value Growth Rate Analysis by Type 2023 VS 2030
1.2.2 Passenger Vehicle
1.2.3 Commercial Vehicle
1.3 Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Segment by Application
1.3.1 Global Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Market Value Growth Rate Analysis by Application: 2023 VS 2030
1.3.2 OEM
1.3.3 Aftermarket
1.4 Global Market Growth Prospects
1.4.1 Global Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Production Value Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
1.4.2 Global Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Production Capacity Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
1.4.3 Global Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Production Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
1.4.4 Global Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Market Average Price Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
1.5 Assumptions and Limitations
2 Market Competition by Manufacturers
2.1 Global Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Production Market Share by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
2.2 Global Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Production Value Market Share by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
2.3 Global Key Players of Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units), Industry Ranking, 2022 VS 2023 VS 2024
2.4 Global Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3)
2.5 Global Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Average Price by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
2.6 Global Key Manufacturers of Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units), Manufacturing Base Distribution and Headquarters
2.7 Global Key Manufacturers of Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units), Product Offered and Application
2.8 Global Key Manufacturers of Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units), Date of Enter into This Industry
2.9 Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Market Competitive Situation and Trends
2.9.1 Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Market Concentration Rate
2.9.2 Global 5 and 10 Largest Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Players Market Share by Revenue
2.10 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion
3 Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Production by Region
3.1 Global Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Production Value Estimates and Forecasts by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
3.2 Global Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Production Value by Region (2019-2030)
3.2.1 Global Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Production Value Market Share by Region (2019-2024)
3.2.2 Global Forecasted Production Value of Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) by Region (2025-2030)
3.3 Global Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Production Estimates and Forecasts by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
3.4 Global Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Production by Region (2019-2030)
3.4.1 Global Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Production Market Share by Region (2019-2024)
3.4.2 Global Forecasted Production of Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) by Region (2025-2030)
3.5 Global Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Market Price Analysis by Region (2019-2024)
3.6 Global Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Production and Value, Year-over-Year Growth
3.6.1 North America Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Production Value Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
3.6.2 Europe Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Production Value Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
3.6.3 China Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Production Value Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
3.6.4 Japan Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Production Value Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
3.6.5 South Korea Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Production Value Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
4 Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Consumption by Region
4.1 Global Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Consumption Estimates and Forecasts by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
4.2 Global Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Consumption by Region (2019-2030)
4.2.1 Global Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Consumption by Region (2019-2024)
4.2.2 Global Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Forecasted Consumption by Region (2025-2030)
4.3 North America
4.3.1 North America Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
4.3.2 North America Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Consumption by Country (2019-2030)
4.3.3 U.S.
4.3.4 Canada
4.4 Europe
4.4.1 Europe Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
4.4.2 Europe Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Consumption by Country (2019-2030)
4.4.3 Germany
4.4.4 France
4.4.5 U.K.
4.4.6 Italy
4.4.7 Russia
4.5 Asia Pacific
4.5.1 Asia Pacific Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Consumption Growth Rate by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
4.5.2 Asia Pacific Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Consumption by Region (2019-2030)
4.5.3 China
4.5.4 Japan
4.5.5 South Korea
4.5.6 China Taiwan
4.5.7 Southeast Asia
4.5.8 India
4.6 Latin America, Middle East & Africa
4.6.1 Latin America, Middle East & Africa Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
4.6.2 Latin America, Middle East & Africa Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Consumption by Country (2019-2030)
4.6.3 Mexico
4.6.4 Brazil
4.6.5 Turkey
5 Segment by Type
5.1 Global Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Production by Type (2019-2030)
5.1.1 Global Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Production by Type (2019-2024)
5.1.2 Global Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Production by Type (2025-2030)
5.1.3 Global Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Production Market Share by Type (2019-2030)
5.2 Global Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Production Value by Type (2019-2030)
5.2.1 Global Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Production Value by Type (2019-2024)
5.2.2 Global Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Production Value by Type (2025-2030)
5.2.3 Global Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Production Value Market Share by Type (2019-2030)
5.3 Global Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Price by Type (2019-2030)
6 Segment by Application
6.1 Global Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Production by Application (2019-2030)
6.1.1 Global Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Production by Application (2019-2024)
6.1.2 Global Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Production by Application (2025-2030)
6.1.3 Global Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Production Market Share by Application (2019-2030)
6.2 Global Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Production Value by Application (2019-2030)
6.2.1 Global Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Production Value by Application (2019-2024)
6.2.2 Global Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Production Value by Application (2025-2030)
6.2.3 Global Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Production Value Market Share by Application (2019-2030)
6.3 Global Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Price by Application (2019-2030)
7 Key Companies Profiled
7.1 BOSCH
7.1.1 BOSCH Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Corporation Information
7.1.2 BOSCH Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Product Portfolio
7.1.3 BOSCH Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.1.4 BOSCH Main Business and Markets Served
7.1.5 BOSCH Recent Developments/Updates
7.2 Continental
7.2.1 Continental Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Corporation Information
7.2.2 Continental Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Product Portfolio
7.2.3 Continental Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.2.4 Continental Main Business and Markets Served
7.2.5 Continental Recent Developments/Updates
7.3 DENSO
7.3.1 DENSO Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Corporation Information
7.3.2 DENSO Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Product Portfolio
7.3.3 DENSO Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.3.4 DENSO Main Business and Markets Served
7.3.5 DENSO Recent Developments/Updates
7.4 Delphi
7.4.1 Delphi Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Corporation Information
7.4.2 Delphi Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Product Portfolio
7.4.3 Delphi Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.4.4 Delphi Main Business and Markets Served
7.4.5 Delphi Recent Developments/Updates
7.5 ZF TRW
7.5.1 ZF TRW Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Corporation Information
7.5.2 ZF TRW Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Product Portfolio
7.5.3 ZF TRW Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.5.4 ZF TRW Main Business and Markets Served
7.5.5 ZF TRW Recent Developments/Updates
7.6 Hyundai AUTRON
7.6.1 Hyundai AUTRON Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Corporation Information
7.6.2 Hyundai AUTRON Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Product Portfolio
7.6.3 Hyundai AUTRON Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.6.4 Hyundai AUTRON Main Business and Markets Served
7.6.5 Hyundai AUTRON Recent Developments/Updates
7.7 Marelli
7.7.1 Marelli Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Corporation Information
7.7.2 Marelli Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Product Portfolio
7.7.3 Marelli Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.7.4 Marelli Main Business and Markets Served
7.7.5 Marelli Recent Developments/Updates
7.8 Mitsubishi Electric
7.8.1 Mitsubishi Electric Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Corporation Information
7.8.2 Mitsubishi Electric Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Product Portfolio
7.8.3 Mitsubishi Electric Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.8.4 Mitsubishi Electric Main Business and Markets Served
7.7.5 Mitsubishi Electric Recent Developments/Updates
7.9 UAES
7.9.1 UAES Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Corporation Information
7.9.2 UAES Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Product Portfolio
7.9.3 UAES Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.9.4 UAES Main Business and Markets Served
7.9.5 UAES Recent Developments/Updates
7.10 Weifu Group
7.10.1 Weifu Group Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Corporation Information
7.10.2 Weifu Group Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Product Portfolio
7.10.3 Weifu Group Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.10.4 Weifu Group Main Business and Markets Served
7.10.5 Weifu Group Recent Developments/Updates
7.11 LinControl
7.11.1 LinControl Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Corporation Information
7.11.2 LinControl Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Product Portfolio
7.11.3 LinControl Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.11.4 LinControl Main Business and Markets Served
7.11.5 LinControl Recent Developments/Updates
7.12 Troiltec
7.12.1 Troiltec Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Corporation Information
7.12.2 Troiltec Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Product Portfolio
7.12.3 Troiltec Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.12.4 Troiltec Main Business and Markets Served
7.12.5 Troiltec Recent Developments/Updates
7.13 Hitachi Automotive
7.13.1 Hitachi Automotive Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Corporation Information
7.13.2 Hitachi Automotive Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Product Portfolio
7.13.3 Hitachi Automotive Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.13.4 Hitachi Automotive Main Business and Markets Served
7.13.5 Hitachi Automotive Recent Developments/Updates
7.14 Daimler
7.14.1 Daimler Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Corporation Information
7.14.2 Daimler Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Product Portfolio
7.14.3 Daimler Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.14.4 Daimler Main Business and Markets Served
7.14.5 Daimler Recent Developments/Updates
8 Industry Chain and Sales Channels Analysis
8.1 Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Industry Chain Analysis
8.2 Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Key Raw Materials
8.2.1 Key Raw Materials
8.2.2 Raw Materials Key Suppliers
8.3 Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Production Mode & Process
8.4 Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Sales and Marketing
8.4.1 Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Sales Channels
8.4.2 Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Distributors
8.5 Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Customers
9 Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Market Dynamics
9.1 Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Industry Trends
9.2 Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Market Drivers
9.3 Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Market Challenges
9.4 Automotive ECU(Electronic Control Units) Market Restraints
10 Research Finding and Conclusion
11 Methodology and Data Source
11.1 Methodology/Research Approach
11.1.1 Research Programs/Design
11.1.2 Market Size Estimation
11.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
11.2 Data Source
11.2.1 Secondary Sources
11.2.2 Primary Sources
11.3 Author List
11.4 Disclaimer
Published By : QY Research
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