Index
1 Bio-Based Butadiene Market Overview
1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Bio-Based Butadiene
1.2 Bio-Based Butadiene Segment by Type
1.2.1 Global Bio-Based Butadiene Market Size Growth Rate Analysis by Type 2022 VS 2028
1.2.2 One-step Methods
1.2.3 Multi-step Methods
1.3 Bio-Based Butadiene Segment by Application
1.3.1 Global Bio-Based Butadiene Consumption Comparison by Application: 2022 VS 2028
1.3.2 Thermo-plastic Elastomers
1.3.3 Synthetic Rubber
1.3.4 Fine Chemicals
1.3.5 Nylon
1.3.6 Styrenic Plastics
1.3.7 Epoxy Resins
1.3.8 Others
1.4 Global Market Growth Prospects
1.4.1 Global Bio-Based Butadiene Revenue Estimates and Forecasts (2017-2028)
1.4.2 Global Bio-Based Butadiene Production Capacity Estimates and Forecasts (2017-2028)
1.4.3 Global Bio-Based Butadiene Production Estimates and Forecasts (2017-2028)
1.5 Global Market Size by Region
1.5.1 Global Bio-Based Butadiene Market Size Estimates and Forecasts by Region: 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028
1.5.2 North America Bio-Based Butadiene Estimates and Forecasts (2017-2028)
1.5.3 Europe Bio-Based Butadiene Estimates and Forecasts (2017-2028)
1.5.4 Brazil Bio-Based Butadiene Estimates and Forecasts (2017-2028)
2 Market Competition by Manufacturers
2.1 Global Bio-Based Butadiene Production Capacity Market Share by Manufacturers (2017-2022)
2.2 Global Bio-Based Butadiene Revenue Market Share by Manufacturers (2017-2022)
2.3 Bio-Based Butadiene Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3)
2.4 Global Bio-Based Butadiene Average Price by Manufacturers (2017-2022)
2.5 Manufacturers Bio-Based Butadiene Production Sites, Area Served, Product Types
2.6 Bio-Based Butadiene Market Competitive Situation and Trends
2.6.1 Bio-Based Butadiene Market Concentration Rate
2.6.2 Global 5 and 10 Largest Bio-Based Butadiene Players Market Share by Revenue
2.6.3 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion
3 Production Capacity by Region
3.1 Global Production Capacity of Bio-Based Butadiene Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
3.2 Global Bio-Based Butadiene Revenue Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
3.3 Global Bio-Based Butadiene Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
3.4 North America Bio-Based Butadiene Production
3.4.1 North America Bio-Based Butadiene Production Growth Rate (2017-2022)
3.4.2 North America Bio-Based Butadiene Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
3.5 Europe Bio-Based Butadiene Production
3.5.1 Europe Bio-Based Butadiene Production Growth Rate (2017-2022)
3.5.2 Europe Bio-Based Butadiene Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
3.6 Brazil Bio-Based Butadiene Production
3.6.1 Brazil Bio-Based Butadiene Production Growth Rate (2017-2022)
3.6.2 Brazil Bio-Based Butadiene Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
4 Global Bio-Based Butadiene Consumption by Region
4.1 Global Bio-Based Butadiene Consumption by Region
4.1.1 Global Bio-Based Butadiene Consumption by Region
4.1.2 Global Bio-Based Butadiene Consumption Market Share by Region
4.2 North America
4.2.1 North America Bio-Based Butadiene Consumption by Country
4.2.2 U.S.
4.2.3 Canada
4.3 Europe
4.3.1 Europe Bio-Based Butadiene Consumption by Country
4.3.2 Germany
4.3.3 France
4.3.4 U.K.
4.3.5 Italy
4.3.6 Russia
4.4 Asia Pacific
4.4.1 Asia Pacific Bio-Based Butadiene Consumption by Region
4.4.2 China
4.4.3 Japan
4.4.4 South Korea
4.4.5 China Taiwan
4.4.6 Southeast Asia
4.4.7 India
4.4.8 Australia
4.5 Latin America
4.5.1 Latin America Bio-Based Butadiene Consumption by Country
4.5.2 Mexico
4.5.3 Brazil
5 Segment by Type
5.1 Global Bio-Based Butadiene Production Market Share by Type (2017-2022)
5.2 Global Bio-Based Butadiene Revenue Market Share by Type (2017-2022)
5.3 Global Bio-Based Butadiene Price by Type (2017-2022)
6 Segment by Application
6.1 Global Bio-Based Butadiene Production Market Share by Application (2017-2022)
6.2 Global Bio-Based Butadiene Revenue Market Share by Application (2017-2022)
6.3 Global Bio-Based Butadiene Price by Application (2017-2022)
7 Key Companies Profiled
7.1 Braskem
7.1.1 Braskem Bio-Based Butadiene Corporation Information
7.1.2 Braskem Bio-Based Butadiene Product Portfolio
7.1.3 Braskem Bio-Based Butadiene Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
7.1.4 Braskem Main Business and Markets Served
7.1.5 Braskem Recent Developments/Updates
7.2 Genomatica & Versalis
7.2.1 Genomatica & Versalis Bio-Based Butadiene Corporation Information
7.2.2 Genomatica & Versalis Bio-Based Butadiene Product Portfolio
7.2.3 Genomatica & Versalis Bio-Based Butadiene Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
7.2.4 Genomatica & Versalis Main Business and Markets Served
7.2.5 Genomatica & Versalis Recent Developments/Updates
7.3 Biokemik(Biosyncaucho)
7.3.1 Biokemik(Biosyncaucho) Bio-Based Butadiene Corporation Information
7.3.2 Biokemik(Biosyncaucho) Bio-Based Butadiene Product Portfolio
7.3.3 Biokemik(Biosyncaucho) Bio-Based Butadiene Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
7.3.4 Biokemik(Biosyncaucho) Main Business and Markets Served
7.3.5 Biokemik(Biosyncaucho) Recent Developments/Updates
7.4 LanzaTech & Invista
7.4.1 LanzaTech & Invista Bio-Based Butadiene Corporation Information
7.4.2 LanzaTech & Invista Bio-Based Butadiene Product Portfolio
7.4.3 LanzaTech & Invista Bio-Based Butadiene Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
7.4.4 LanzaTech & Invista Main Business and Markets Served
7.4.5 LanzaTech & Invista Recent Developments/Updates
7.5 Global Bioenergies & Synthos
7.5.1 Global Bioenergies & Synthos Bio-Based Butadiene Corporation Information
7.5.2 Global Bioenergies & Synthos Bio-Based Butadiene Product Portfolio
7.5.3 Global Bioenergies & Synthos Bio-Based Butadiene Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
7.5.4 Global Bioenergies & Synthos Main Business and Markets Served
7.5.5 Global Bioenergies & Synthos Recent Developments/Updates
8 Bio-Based Butadiene Manufacturing Cost Analysis
8.1 Bio-Based Butadiene Key Raw Materials Analysis
8.1.1 Key Raw Materials
8.1.2 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
8.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure
8.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Bio-Based Butadiene
8.4 Bio-Based Butadiene Industrial Chain Analysis
9 Marketing Channel, Distributors and Customers
9.1 Marketing Channel
9.2 Bio-Based Butadiene Distributors List
9.3 Bio-Based Butadiene Customers
10 Market Dynamics
10.1 Bio-Based Butadiene Industry Trends
10.2 Bio-Based Butadiene Market Drivers
10.3 Bio-Based Butadiene Market Challenges
10.4 Bio-Based Butadiene Market Restraints
11 Production and Supply Forecast
11.1 Global Forecasted Production of Bio-Based Butadiene by Region (2023-2028)
11.2 North America Bio-Based Butadiene Production, Revenue Forecast (2023-2028)
11.3 Europe Bio-Based Butadiene Production, Revenue Forecast (2023-2028)
11.4 Brazil Bio-Based Butadiene Production, Revenue Forecast (2023-2028)
12 Consumption and Demand Forecast
12.1 Global Forecasted Demand Analysis of Bio-Based Butadiene
12.2 North America Forecasted Consumption of Bio-Based Butadiene by Country
12.3 Europe Market Forecasted Consumption of Bio-Based Butadiene by Country
12.4 Asia Pacific Market Forecasted Consumption of Bio-Based Butadiene by Region
12.5 Latin America Forecasted Consumption of Bio-Based Butadiene by Country
13 Forecast by Type and by Application (2023-2028)
13.1 Global Production, Revenue and Price Forecast by Type (2023-2028)
13.1.1 Global Forecasted Production of Bio-Based Butadiene by Type (2023-2028)
13.1.2 Global Forecasted Revenue of Bio-Based Butadiene by Type (2023-2028)
13.1.3 Global Forecasted Price of Bio-Based Butadiene by Type (2023-2028)
13.2 Global Forecasted Consumption of Bio-Based Butadiene by Application (2023-2028)
13.2.1 Global Forecasted Production of Bio-Based Butadiene by Application (2023-2028)
13.2.2 Global Forecasted Revenue of Bio-Based Butadiene by Application (2023-2028)
13.2.3 Global Forecasted Price of Bio-Based Butadiene by Application (2023-2028)
14 Research Finding and Conclusion
15 Methodology and Data Source
15.1 Methodology/Research Approach
15.1.1 Research Programs/Design
15.1.2 Market Size Estimation
15.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
15.2 Data Source
15.2.1 Secondary Sources
15.2.2 Primary Sources
15.3 Author List
15.4 Disclaimer
List of Tables
List of Tables
Table 1. Global Bio-Based Butadiene Market Size by Type (Kg) & (US$ Million) (2022 VS 2028)
Table 2. Global Bio-Based Butadiene Market Size by Application (Kg) & (US$ Million) (2022 VS 2028)
Table 3. Bio-Based Butadiene Market Size Comparison by Region: 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028
Table 4. Global Bio-Based Butadiene Production Capacity by Manufacturers (2017-2022) & (Kg)
Table 5. Global Bio-Based Butadiene Production (Kg) by Manufacturers (2017-2022)
Table 6. Global Bio-Based Butadiene Production Market Share by Manufacturers (2017-2022)
Table 7. Global Bio-Based Butadiene Revenue by Manufacturers (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 8. Global Bio-Based Butadiene Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2017-2022)
Table 9. Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in Bio-Based Butadiene as of 2021)
Table 10. Global Market Bio-Based Butadiene Average Price (US$/Kg) of Key Manufacturers (2017-2022)
Table 11. Manufacturers Bio-Based Butadiene Production Sites and Area Served
Table 12. Manufacturers Bio-Based Butadiene Product Types
Table 13. Global Bio-Based Butadiene Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table 14. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion
Table 15. Global Bio-Based Butadiene Production Capacity (Kg) by Region (2017-2022)
Table 16. Global Bio-Based Butadiene Production (Kg) by Region (2017-2022)
Table 17. Global Bio-Based Butadiene Revenue (US$ Million) by Region (2017-2022)
Table 18. Global Bio-Based Butadiene Revenue Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
Table 19. Global Bio-Based Butadiene Production Capacity (Kg), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Kg) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 20. North America Bio-Based Butadiene Production Capacity (Kg), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Kg) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 21. Europe Bio-Based Butadiene Production (Kg), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Kg) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 22. Brazil Bio-Based Butadiene Production Capacity (Kg), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Kg) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 23. Global Bio-Based Butadiene Consumption Market by Region (2017-2022) & (Kg)
Table 24. Global Bio-Based Butadiene Consumption Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
Table 25. North America Bio-Based Butadiene Consumption by Country (2017-2022) & (Kg)
Table 26. Europe Bio-Based Butadiene Consumption by Country (2017-2022) & (Kg)
Table 27. Asia Pacific Bio-Based Butadiene Consumption by Region (2017-2022) & (Kg)
Table 28. Latin America Bio-Based Butadiene Consumption by Country (2017-2022) & (Kg)
Table 29. Global Bio-Based Butadiene Production (Kg) by Type (2017-2022)
Table 30. Global Bio-Based Butadiene Production Market Share by Type (2017-2022)
Table 31. Global Bio-Based Butadiene Revenue (US$ Million) by Type (2017-2022)
Table 32. Global Bio-Based Butadiene Revenue Share by Type (2017-2022)
Table 33. Global Bio-Based Butadiene Price (US$/Kg) by Type (2017-2022)
Table 34. Global Bio-Based Butadiene Production by Application (2017-2022) & (Kg)
Table 35. Global Bio-Based Butadiene Production Market Share by Application (2017-2022)
Table 36. Global Bio-Based Butadiene Revenue (US$ Million) by Application (2017-2022)
Table 37. Global Bio-Based Butadiene Revenue Share by Application (2017-2022)
Table 38. Global Bio-Based Butadiene Price (US$/Kg) by Application (2017-2022)
Table 39. Braskem Bio-Based Butadiene Corporation Information
Table 40. Braskem Specification and Application
Table 41. Braskem Bio-Based Butadiene Production Capacity (Kg), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Kg) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 42. Braskem Main Business and Markets Served
Table 43. Braskem Recent Developments/Updates
Table 44. Genomatica & Versalis Bio-Based Butadiene Corporation Information
Table 45. Genomatica & Versalis Specification and Application
Table 46. Genomatica & Versalis Bio-Based Butadiene Production Capacity (Kg), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Kg) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 47. Genomatica & Versalis Main Business and Markets Served
Table 48. Genomatica & Versalis Recent Developments/Updates
Table 49. Biokemik(Biosyncaucho) Bio-Based Butadiene Corporation Information
Table 50. Biokemik(Biosyncaucho) Specification and Application
Table 51. Biokemik(Biosyncaucho) Bio-Based Butadiene Production Capacity (Kg), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Kg) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 52. Biokemik(Biosyncaucho) Main Business and Markets Served
Table 53. Biokemik(Biosyncaucho) Recent Developments/Updates
Table 54. LanzaTech & Invista Bio-Based Butadiene Corporation Information
Table 55. LanzaTech & Invista Specification and Application
Table 56. LanzaTech & Invista Bio-Based Butadiene Production Capacity (Kg), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Kg) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 57. LanzaTech & Invista Main Business and Markets Served
Table 58. LanzaTech & Invista Recent Developments/Updates
Table 59. Global Bioenergies & Synthos Bio-Based Butadiene Corporation Information
Table 60. Global Bioenergies & Synthos Specification and Application
Table 61. Global Bioenergies & Synthos Bio-Based Butadiene Production Capacity (Kg), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Kg) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 62. Global Bioenergies & Synthos Main Business and Markets Served
Table 63. Global Bioenergies & Synthos Recent Developments/Updates
Table 64. Production Base and Market Concentration Rate of Raw Material
Table 65. Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
Table 66. Bio-Based Butadiene Distributors List
Table 67. Bio-Based Butadiene Customers List
Table 68. Bio-Based Butadiene Market Trends
Table 69. Bio-Based Butadiene Market Drivers
Table 70. Bio-Based Butadiene Market Challenges
Table 71. Bio-Based Butadiene Market Restraints
Table 72. Global Bio-Based Butadiene Production (Kg) Forecast by Region (2023-2028)
Table 73. North America Bio-Based Butadiene Consumption Forecast by Country (2023-2028) & (Kg)
Table 74. Europe Bio-Based Butadiene Consumption Forecast by Country (2023-2028) & (Kg)
Table 75. Asia Pacific Bio-Based Butadiene Consumption Forecast by Region (2023-2028) & (Kg)
Table 76. Latin America Bio-Based Butadiene Consumption Forecast by Country (2023-2028) & (Kg)
Table 77. Global Bio-Based Butadiene Production Forecast by Type (2023-2028) & (Kg)
Table 78. Global Bio-Based Butadiene Revenue Forecast by Type (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 79. Global Bio-Based Butadiene Price Forecast by Type (2023-2028) & (US$/Kg)
Table 80. Global Bio-Based Butadiene Production Forecast by Application (2023-2028) & (Kg)
Table 81. Global Bio-Based Butadiene Revenue Forecast by Application (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 82. Global Bio-Based Butadiene Price Forecast by Application (2023-2028) & (US$/Kg)
Table 83. Research Programs/Design for This Report
Table 84. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table 85. Key Data Information from Primary Sources
List of Figures
Figure 1. Product Picture of Bio-Based Butadiene
Figure 2. Global Bio-Based Butadiene Market Share by Type: 2022 VS 2028
Figure 3. One-step Methods Product Picture
Figure 4. Multi-step Methods Product Picture
Figure 5. Global Bio-Based Butadiene Market Share by Application: 2022 VS 2028
Figure 6. Thermo-plastic Elastomers
Figure 7. Synthetic Rubber
Figure 8. Fine Chemicals
Figure 9. Nylon
Figure 10. Styrenic Plastics
Figure 11. Epoxy Resins
Figure 12. Others
Figure 13. Global Bio-Based Butadiene Revenue (US$ Million), 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028
Figure 14. Global Bio-Based Butadiene Revenue (US$ Million) (2017-2028)
Figure 15. Global Bio-Based Butadiene Production Capacity (Kg) & (2017-2028)
Figure 16. Global Bio-Based Butadiene Production (Kg) & (2017-2028)
Figure 17. North America Bio-Based Butadiene Revenue (US$ Million) and Growth Rate (2017-2028)
Figure 18. Europe Bio-Based Butadiene Revenue (US$ Million) and Growth Rate (2017-2028)
Figure 19. Brazil Bio-Based Butadiene Revenue (US$ Million) and Growth Rate (2017-2028)
Figure 20. Bio-Based Butadiene Production Share by Manufacturers in 2021
Figure 21. Global Bio-Based Butadiene Revenue Share by Manufacturers in 2021
Figure 22. Bio-Based Butadiene Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3): 2017 VS 2021
Figure 23. Global Market Bio-Based Butadiene Average Price (US$/Kg) of Key Manufacturers in 2021
Figure 24. The Global 5 and 10 Largest Players: Market Share by Bio-Based Butadiene Revenue in 2021
Figure 25. Global Bio-Based Butadiene Production Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
Figure 26. North America Bio-Based Butadiene Production (Kg) Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Figure 27. Europe Bio-Based Butadiene Production (Kg) Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Figure 28. Brazil Bio-Based Butadiene Production (Kg) Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Figure 29. Global Bio-Based Butadiene Consumption Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
Figure 30. North America Bio-Based Butadiene Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (Kg)
Figure 31. North America Bio-Based Butadiene Consumption Market Share by Country in 2021
Figure 32. Canada Bio-Based Butadiene Consumption Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (Kg)
Figure 33. U.S. Bio-Based Butadiene Consumption Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (Kg)
Figure 34. Europe Bio-Based Butadiene Consumption Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (Kg)
Figure 35. Europe Bio-Based Butadiene Consumption Market Share by Country in 2021
Figure 36. Germany Bio-Based Butadiene Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (Kg)
Figure 37. France Bio-Based Butadiene Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (Kg)
Figure 38. U.K. Bio-Based Butadiene Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (Kg)
Figure 39. Italy Bio-Based Butadiene Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (Kg)
Figure 40. Russia Bio-Based Butadiene Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (Kg)
Figure 41. Asia Pacific Bio-Based Butadiene Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (Kg)
Figure 42. Asia Pacific Bio-Based Butadiene Consumption Market Share by Regions in 2021
Figure 43. China Bio-Based Butadiene Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (Kg)
Figure 44. Japan Bio-Based Butadiene Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (Kg)
Figure 45. South Korea Bio-Based Butadiene Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (Kg)
Figure 46. China Taiwan Bio-Based Butadiene Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (Kg)
Figure 47. Southeast Asia Bio-Based Butadiene Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (Kg)
Figure 48. India Bio-Based Butadiene Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (Kg)
Figure 49. Australia Bio-Based Butadiene Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (Kg)
Figure 50. Latin America Bio-Based Butadiene Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (Kg)
Figure 51. Latin America Bio-Based Butadiene Consumption Market Share by Country in 2021
Figure 52. Mexico Bio-Based Butadiene Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (Kg)
Figure 53. Brazil Bio-Based Butadiene Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (Kg)
Figure 54. Production Market Share of Bio-Based Butadiene by Type (2017-2022)
Figure 55. Production Market Share of Bio-Based Butadiene by Type in 2021
Figure 56. Revenue Share of Bio-Based Butadiene by Type (2017-2022)
Figure 57. Revenue Market Share of Bio-Based Butadiene by Type in 2021
Figure 58. Production Market Share of Bio-Based Butadiene by Application (2017-2022)
Figure 59. Production Market Share of Bio-Based Butadiene by Application in 2021
Figure 60. Revenue Share of Bio-Based Butadiene by Application (2017-2022)
Figure 61. Revenue Market Share of Bio-Based Butadiene by Application in 2021
Figure 62. Manufacturing Cost Structure of Bio-Based Butadiene
Figure 63. Manufacturing Process Analysis of Bio-Based Butadiene
Figure 64. Bio-Based Butadiene Industrial Chain Analysis
Figure 65. Channels of Distribution
Figure 66. Distributors Profiles
Figure 67. Global Bio-Based Butadiene Production Market Share Forecast by Region (2023-2028)
Figure 68. North America Bio-Based Butadiene Production (Kg) Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure 69. Europe Bio-Based Butadiene Production (Kg) Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure 70. Brazil Bio-Based Butadiene Production (Kg) Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure 71. Global Forecasted Demand Analysis of Bio-Based Butadiene (2017-2028) & (Kg)
Figure 72. Global Bio-Based Butadiene Production Market Share Forecast by Type (2023-2028)
Figure 73. Global Bio-Based Butadiene Revenue Market Share Forecast by Type (2023-2028)
Figure 74. Global Bio-Based Butadiene Production Market Share Forecast by Application (2023-2028)
Figure 75. Global Bio-Based Butadiene Revenue Market Share Forecast by Application (2023-2028)
Figure 76. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure 77. Data Triangulation