The Market Reports

Index

1 Blood Sampling Machine Market Overview
1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Blood Sampling Machine
1.2 Blood Sampling Machine Segment by Type
1.2.1 Global Blood Sampling Machine Sales Growth Rate Comparison by Type (2021-2027)
1.2.2 Adjustable Type
1.2.3 Non-adjustable Type
1.3 Blood Sampling Machine Segment by Application
1.3.1 Global Blood Sampling Machine Sales Comparison by Application: (2021-2027)
1.3.2 Hospitals
1.3.3 Clinics
1.3.4 Other
1.4 Global Blood Sampling Machine Market Size Estimates and Forecasts
1.4.1 Global Blood Sampling Machine Revenue 2016-2027
1.4.2 Global Blood Sampling Machine Sales 2016-2027
1.4.3 Blood Sampling Machine Market Size by Region: 2016 Versus 2021 Versus 2027

2 Blood Sampling Machine Market Competition by Manufacturers
2.1 Global Blood Sampling Machine Sales Market Share by Manufacturers (2016-2021)
2.2 Global Blood Sampling Machine Revenue Market Share by Manufacturers (2016-2021)
2.3 Global Blood Sampling Machine Average Price by Manufacturers (2016-2021)
2.4 Manufacturers Blood Sampling Machine Manufacturing Sites, Area Served, Product Type
2.5 Blood Sampling Machine Market Competitive Situation and Trends
2.5.1 Blood Sampling Machine Market Concentration Rate
2.5.2 The Global Top 5 and Top 10 Largest Blood Sampling Machine Players Market Share by Revenue
2.5.3 Global Blood Sampling Machine Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3)
2.6 Manufacturers Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans

3 Blood Sampling Machine Retrospective Market Scenario by Region
3.1 Global Blood Sampling Machine Retrospective Market Scenario in Sales by Region: 2016-2021
3.2 Global Blood Sampling Machine Retrospective Market Scenario in Revenue by Region: 2016-2021
3.3 North America Blood Sampling Machine Market Facts & Figures by Country
3.3.1 North America Blood Sampling Machine Sales by Country
3.3.2 North America Blood Sampling Machine Revenue by Country
3.3.3 United States
3.3.4 Canada
3.4 Europe Blood Sampling Machine Market Facts & Figures by Country
3.4.1 Europe Blood Sampling Machine Sales by Country
3.4.2 Europe Blood Sampling Machine Revenue by Country
3.4.3 Germany
3.4.4 France
3.4.5 U.K.
3.4.6 Italy
3.4.7 Russia
3.5 Asia Pacific Blood Sampling Machine Market Facts & Figures by Region
3.5.1 Asia Pacific Blood Sampling Machine Sales by Region
3.5.2 Asia Pacific Blood Sampling Machine Revenue by Region
3.5.3 China
3.5.4 Japan
3.5.5 South Korea
3.5.6 India
3.5.7 Australia
3.5.8 Taiwan
3.5.9 Indonesia
3.5.10 Thailand
3.5.11 Malaysia
3.6 Latin America Blood Sampling Machine Market Facts & Figures by Country
3.6.1 Latin America Blood Sampling Machine Sales by Country
3.6.2 Latin America Blood Sampling Machine Revenue by Country
3.6.3 Mexico
3.6.4 Brazil
3.6.5 Argentina
3.7 Middle East and Africa Blood Sampling Machine Market Facts & Figures by Country
3.7.1 Middle East and Africa Blood Sampling Machine Sales by Country
3.7.2 Middle East and Africa Blood Sampling Machine Revenue by Country
3.7.3 Turkey
3.7.4 Saudi Arabia
3.7.5 UAE
4 Global Blood Sampling Machine Historic Market Analysis by Type
4.1 Global Blood Sampling Machine Sales Market Share by Type (2016-2021)
4.2 Global Blood Sampling Machine Revenue Market Share by Type (2016-2021)
4.3 Global Blood Sampling Machine Price by Type (2016-2021)

5 Global Blood Sampling Machine Historic Market Analysis by Application
5.1 Global Blood Sampling Machine Sales Market Share by Application (2016-2021)
5.2 Global Blood Sampling Machine Revenue Market Share by Application (2016-2021)
5.3 Global Blood Sampling Machine Price by Application (2016-2021)

6 Key Companies Profiled
6.1 Roche
6.1.1 Roche Corporation Information
6.1.2 Roche Description and Business Overview
6.1.3 Roche Blood Sampling Machine Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
6.1.4 Roche Blood Sampling Machine Product Portfolio
6.1.5 Roche Recent Developments/Updates
6.2 LifeScan
6.2.1 LifeScan Corporation Information
6.2.2 LifeScan Description and Business Overview
6.2.3 LifeScan Blood Sampling Machine Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
6.2.4 LifeScan Blood Sampling Machine Product Portfolio
6.2.5 LifeScan Recent Developments/Updates
6.3 Abbott
6.3.1 Abbott Corporation Information
6.3.2 Abbott Description and Business Overview
6.3.3 Abbott Blood Sampling Machine Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
6.3.4 Abbott Blood Sampling Machine Product Portfolio
6.3.5 Abbott Recent Developments/Updates
6.4 Ascensia
6.4.1 Ascensia Corporation Information
6.4.2 Ascensia Description and Business Overview
6.4.3 Ascensia Blood Sampling Machine Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
6.4.4 Ascensia Blood Sampling Machine Product Portfolio
6.4.5 Ascensia Recent Developments/Updates
6.5 B. Braun
6.5.1 B. Braun Corporation Information
6.5.2 B. Braun Description and Business Overview
6.5.3 B. Braun Blood Sampling Machine Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
6.5.4 B. Braun Blood Sampling Machine Product Portfolio
6.5.5 B. Braun Recent Developments/Updates
6.6 Terumo
6.6.1 Terumo Corporation Information
6.6.2 Terumo Description and Business Overview
6.6.3 Terumo Blood Sampling Machine Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
6.6.4 Terumo Blood Sampling Machine Product Portfolio
6.6.5 Terumo Recent Developments/Updates
6.7 ARKRAY
6.6.1 ARKRAY Corporation Information
6.6.2 ARKRAY Description and Business Overview
6.6.3 ARKRAY Blood Sampling Machine Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
6.4.4 ARKRAY Blood Sampling Machine Product Portfolio
6.7.5 ARKRAY Recent Developments/Updates
6.8 Trividia Health
6.8.1 Trividia Health Corporation Information
6.8.2 Trividia Health Description and Business Overview
6.8.3 Trividia Health Blood Sampling Machine Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
6.8.4 Trividia Health Blood Sampling Machine Product Portfolio
6.8.5 Trividia Health Recent Developments/Updates
6.9 SANNUO
6.9.1 SANNUO Corporation Information
6.9.2 SANNUO Description and Business Overview
6.9.3 SANNUO Blood Sampling Machine Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
6.9.4 SANNUO Blood Sampling Machine Product Portfolio
6.9.5 SANNUO Recent Developments/Updates
6.10 GMMC
6.10.1 GMMC Corporation Information
6.10.2 GMMC Description and Business Overview
6.10.3 GMMC Blood Sampling Machine Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
6.10.4 GMMC Blood Sampling Machine Product Portfolio
6.10.5 GMMC Recent Developments/Updates
6.11 BIONIME
6.11.1 BIONIME Corporation Information
6.11.2 BIONIME Blood Sampling Machine Description and Business Overview
6.11.3 BIONIME Blood Sampling Machine Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
6.11.4 BIONIME Blood Sampling Machine Product Portfolio
6.11.5 BIONIME Recent Developments/Updates

7 Blood Sampling Machine Manufacturing Cost Analysis
7.1 Blood Sampling Machine Key Raw Materials Analysis
7.1.1 Key Raw Materials
7.1.2 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
7.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure
7.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Blood Sampling Machine
7.4 Blood Sampling Machine Industrial Chain Analysis

8 Marketing Channel, Distributors and Customers
8.1 Marketing Channel
8.2 Blood Sampling Machine Distributors List
8.3 Blood Sampling Machine Customers

9 Blood Sampling Machine Market Dynamics
9.1 Blood Sampling Machine Industry Trends
9.2 Blood Sampling Machine Growth Drivers
9.3 Blood Sampling Machine Market Challenges
9.4 Blood Sampling Machine Market Restraints

10 Global Market Forecast
10.1 Blood Sampling Machine Market Estimates and Projections by Type
10.1.1 Global Forecasted Sales of Blood Sampling Machine by Type (2022-2027)
10.1.2 Global Forecasted Revenue of Blood Sampling Machine by Type (2022-2027)
10.2 Blood Sampling Machine Market Estimates and Projections by Application
10.2.1 Global Forecasted Sales of Blood Sampling Machine by Application (2022-2027)
10.2.2 Global Forecasted Revenue of Blood Sampling Machine by Application (2022-2027)
10.3 Blood Sampling Machine Market Estimates and Projections by Region
10.3.1 Global Forecasted Sales of Blood Sampling Machine by Region (2022-2027)
10.3.2 Global Forecasted Revenue of Blood Sampling Machine by Region (2022-2027)

11 Research Finding and Conclusion

12 Methodology and Data Source
12.1 Methodology/Research Approach
12.1.1 Research Programs/Design
12.1.2 Market Size Estimation
12.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
12.2 Data Source
12.2.1 Secondary Sources
12.2.2 Primary Sources
12.3 Author List
12.4 Disclaimer

List of Tables

List of Tables
Table 1. Global Blood Sampling Machine Sales (K Units) Growth Rate Comparison by Type (2021-2027)
Table 2. Global Blood Sampling Machine Sales (K Units) Comparison by Application (2021-2027)
Table 3. Global Blood Sampling Machine Market Size by Region (US$ Million) (2016 VS 2021 VS 2027)
Table 4. Key Manufacturers Blood Sampling Machine Covered in This Study
Table 5. Global Blood Sampling Machine Sales (K Units) of Key Manufacturers (2016-2021)
Table 6. Global Blood Sampling Machine Sales Market Share by Manufacturers (2016-2021)
Table 7. Global Blood Sampling Machine Revenue (US$ Million) by Manufacturers (2016-2021)
Table 8. Global Blood Sampling Machine Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2016-2021)
Table 9. Global Market Blood Sampling Machine Average Price (US$/Unit) of Key Manufacturers (2016-2021)
Table 10. Manufacturers Blood Sampling Machine Manufacturing Sites and Area Served
Table 11. Manufacturers Blood Sampling Machine Product Type
Table 12. Global Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table 13. Global Blood Sampling Machine by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3) (based on the Revenue in Blood Sampling Machine as of 2020)
Table 14. Manufacturers Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
Table 15. Global Blood Sampling Machine Sales by Region (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Table 16. Global Blood Sampling Machine Sales Market Share by Region (2016-2021)
Table 17. Global Blood Sampling Machine Revenue by Region (2016-2021) & (US$ Million)
Table 18. North America Blood Sampling Machine Sales by Country (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Table 19. North America Blood Sampling Machine Sales Market Share by Country (2016-2021)
Table 20. North America Blood Sampling Machine Revenue by Country (2016-2021) & (US$ Million)
Table 21. North America Blood Sampling Machine Revenue Market Share by Country (2016-2021)
Table 22. Europe Blood Sampling Machine Sales by Country (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Table 23. Europe Blood Sampling Machine Sales Market Share by Country (2016-2021)
Table 24. Europe Blood Sampling Machine Revenue by Country (2016-2021) & (US$ Million)
Table 25. Europe Blood Sampling Machine Revenue Market Share by Country (2016-2021)
Table 26. Asia Pacific Blood Sampling Machine Sales by Region (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Table 27. Asia Pacific Blood Sampling Machine Sales Market Share by Region (2016-2021)
Table 28. Asia Pacific Blood Sampling Machine Revenue by Region (2016-2021) & (US$ Million)
Table 29. Asia Pacific Blood Sampling Machine Revenue Market Share by Region (2016-2021)
Table 30. Latin America Blood Sampling Machine Sales by Country (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Table 31. Latin America Blood Sampling Machine Sales Market Share by Country (2016-2021)
Table 32. Latin America Blood Sampling Machine Revenue by Country (2016-2021) & (US$ Million)
Table 33. Latin America Blood Sampling Machine Revenue Market Share by Country (2016-2021)
Table 34. Middle East and Africa Blood Sampling Machine Sales by Country (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Table 35. Middle East and Africa Blood Sampling Machine Sales Market Share by Country (2016-2021)
Table 36. Middle East and Africa Blood Sampling Machine Revenue by Country (2016-2021) & (US$ Million)
Table 37. Middle East and Africa Blood Sampling Machine Revenue Market Share by Country (2016-2021)
Table 38. Global Blood Sampling Machine Sales (K Units) by Type (2016-2021)
Table 39. Global Blood Sampling Machine Sales Market Share by Type (2016-2021)
Table 40. Global Blood Sampling Machine Revenue (Million US$) by Type (2016-2021)
Table 41. Global Blood Sampling Machine Revenue Share by Type (2016-2021)
Table 42. Global Blood Sampling Machine Price (US$/Unit) by Type (2016-2021)
Table 43. Global Blood Sampling Machine Sales (K Units) by Application (2016-2021)
Table 44. Global Blood Sampling Machine Sales Market Share by Application (2016-2021)
Table 45. Global Blood Sampling Machine Revenue (Million US$) by Application (2016-2021)
Table 46. Global Blood Sampling Machine Revenue Share by Application (2016-2021)
Table 47. Global Blood Sampling Machine Price (US$/Unit) by Application (2016-2021)
Table 48. Roche Corporation Information
Table 49. Roche Description and Business Overview
Table 50. Roche Blood Sampling Machine Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 51. Roche Blood Sampling Machine Product
Table 52. Roche Recent Developments/Updates
Table 53. LifeScan Corporation Information
Table 54. LifeScan Description and Business Overview
Table 55. LifeScan Blood Sampling Machine Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 56. LifeScan Blood Sampling Machine Product
Table 57. LifeScan Recent Developments/Updates
Table 58. Abbott Corporation Information
Table 59. Abbott Description and Business Overview
Table 60. Abbott Blood Sampling Machine Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 61. Abbott Blood Sampling Machine Product
Table 62. Abbott Recent Developments/Updates
Table 63. Ascensia Corporation Information
Table 64. Ascensia Description and Business Overview
Table 65. Ascensia Blood Sampling Machine Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 66. Ascensia Blood Sampling Machine Product
Table 67. Ascensia Recent Developments/Updates
Table 68. B. Braun Corporation Information
Table 69. B. Braun Description and Business Overview
Table 70. B. Braun Blood Sampling Machine Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 71. B. Braun Blood Sampling Machine Product
Table 72. B. Braun Recent Developments/Updates
Table 73. Terumo Corporation Information
Table 74. Terumo Description and Business Overview
Table 75. Terumo Blood Sampling Machine Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 76. Terumo Blood Sampling Machine Product
Table 77. Terumo Recent Developments/Updates
Table 78. ARKRAY Corporation Information
Table 79. ARKRAY Description and Business Overview
Table 80. ARKRAY Blood Sampling Machine Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 81. ARKRAY Blood Sampling Machine Product
Table 82. ARKRAY Recent Developments/Updates
Table 83. Trividia Health Corporation Information
Table 84. Trividia Health Description and Business Overview
Table 85. Trividia Health Blood Sampling Machine Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 86. Trividia Health Blood Sampling Machine Product
Table 87. Trividia Health Recent Developments/Updates
Table 88. SANNUO Corporation Information
Table 89. SANNUO Description and Business Overview
Table 90. SANNUO Blood Sampling Machine Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 91. SANNUO Blood Sampling Machine Product
Table 92. SANNUO Recent Developments/Updates
Table 93. GMMC Corporation Information
Table 94. GMMC Description and Business Overview
Table 95. GMMC Blood Sampling Machine Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 96. GMMC Blood Sampling Machine Product
Table 97. GMMC Recent Developments/Updates
Table 98. BIONIME Corporation Information
Table 99. BIONIME Description and Business Overview
Table 100. BIONIME Blood Sampling Machine Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 101. BIONIME Blood Sampling Machine Product
Table 102. BIONIME Recent Developments/Updates
Table 103. Production Base and Market Concentration Rate of Raw Material
Table 104. Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
Table 105. Blood Sampling Machine Distributors List
Table 106. Blood Sampling Machine Customers List
Table 107. Blood Sampling Machine Market Trends
Table 108. Blood Sampling Machine Growth Drivers
Table 109. Blood Sampling Machine Market Challenges
Table 110. Blood Sampling Machine Market Restraints
Table 111. Global Blood Sampling Machine Sales Forecast by Type (2022-2027) & (K Units)
Table 112. Global Blood Sampling Machine Sales Market Share Forecast by Type (2022-2027)
Table 113. Global Blood Sampling Machine Revenue Forecast by Type (2022-2027) & (US$ Million)
Table 114. Global Blood Sampling Machine Revenue Market Share Forecast by Type (2022-2027)
Table 115. Global Blood Sampling Machine Sales Forecast by Application (2022-2027) & (K Units)
Table 116. Global Blood Sampling Machine Sales Market Share Forecast by Application (2022-2027)
Table 117. Global Blood Sampling Machine Revenue Forecast by Application (2022-2027) & (US$ Million)
Table 118. Global Blood Sampling Machine Revenue Market Share Forecast by Application (2022-2027)
Table 119. Global Blood Sampling Machine Sales Forecast by Region (2022-2027) & (K Units)
Table 120. Global Blood Sampling Machine Sales Market Share Forecast by Region (2022-2027)
Table 121. Global Blood Sampling Machine Revenue Forecast by Region (2022-2027) & (US$ Million)
Table 122. Global Blood Sampling Machine Revenue Market Share Forecast by Region (2022-2027)
Table 123. Research Programs/Design for This Report
Table 124. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table 125. Key Data Information from Primary Sources
List of Figures
Figure 1. Product Picture of Blood Sampling Machine
Figure 2. Global Blood Sampling Machine Market Share by Type in 2020 & 2027
Figure 3. Adjustable Type Product Picture
Figure 4. Non-adjustable Type Product Picture
Figure 5. Global Blood Sampling Machine Market Share by Application in 2020 & 2027
Figure 6. Hospitals
Figure 7. Clinics
Figure 8. Other
Figure 9. Global Blood Sampling Machine Revenue, (US$ Million), 2016 VS 2021 VS 2027
Figure 10. Global Blood Sampling Machine Market Size 2016-2027 (US$ Million)
Figure 11. Global Blood Sampling Machine Sales 2016-2027 (K Units)
Figure 12. Global Blood Sampling Machine Market Size Market Share by Region: 2016 VS 20210 VS 2027
Figure 13. Blood Sampling Machine Sales Share by Manufacturers in 2020
Figure 14. Global Blood Sampling Machine Revenue Share by Manufacturers in 2020
Figure 15. The Global 5 and 10 Largest Blood Sampling Machine Players: Market Share by Revenue in 2020
Figure 16. Blood Sampling Machine Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3): 2016 VS 2021
Figure 17. Global Blood Sampling Machine Sales Market Share by Region (2016-2021)
Figure 18. Global Blood Sampling Machine Sales Market Share by Region in 2020
Figure 19. Global Blood Sampling Machine Revenue Market Share by Region (2016-2021)
Figure 20. Global Blood Sampling Machine Revenue Market Share by Region in 2020
Figure 21. United States Blood Sampling Machine Revenue Growth Rate (2016-2021) (US$ Million)
Figure 22. Canada Blood Sampling Machine Revenue Growth Rate (2016-2021) (US$ Million)
Figure 23. Germany Blood Sampling Machine Revenue Growth Rate (2016-2021) (US$ Million)
Figure 24. France Blood Sampling Machine Revenue Growth Rate (2016-2021) (US$ Million)
Figure 25. U.K. Blood Sampling Machine Revenue Growth Rate (2016-2021) (US$ Million)
Figure 26. Italy Blood Sampling Machine Revenue Growth Rate (2016-2021) (US$ Million)
Figure 27. Russia Blood Sampling Machine Revenue Growth Rate (2016-2021) (US$ Million)
Figure 28. China Blood Sampling Machine Revenue Growth Rate (2016-2021) (US$ Million)
Figure 29. Japan Blood Sampling Machine Revenue Growth Rate (2016-2021) (US$ Million)
Figure 30. South Korea Blood Sampling Machine Revenue Growth Rate (2016-2021) (US$ Million)
Figure 31. India Blood Sampling Machine Revenue Growth Rate (2016-2021) (US$ Million)
Figure 32. Australia Blood Sampling Machine Revenue Growth Rate (2016-2021) (US$ Million)
Figure 33. Taiwan Blood Sampling Machine Revenue Growth Rate (2016-2021) (US$ Million)
Figure 34. Indonesia Blood Sampling Machine Revenue Growth Rate (2016-2021) (US$ Million)
Figure 35. Thailand Blood Sampling Machine Revenue Growth Rate (2016-2021) (US$ Million)
Figure 36. Malaysia Blood Sampling Machine Revenue Growth Rate (2016-2021) (US$ Million)
Figure 37. Mexico Blood Sampling Machine Revenue Growth Rate (2016-2021) (US$ Million)
Figure 38. Brazil Blood Sampling Machine Revenue Growth Rate (2016-2021) (US$ Million)
Figure 39. Argentina Blood Sampling Machine Revenue Growth Rate (2016-2021) (US$ Million)
Figure 40. Turkey Blood Sampling Machine Revenue Growth Rate (2016-2021) (US$ Million)
Figure 41. Saudi Arabia Blood Sampling Machine Revenue Growth Rate (2016-2021) (US$ Million)
Figure 42. UAE Blood Sampling Machine Revenue Growth Rate (2016-2021) (US$ Million)
Figure 43. Sales Market Share of Blood Sampling Machine by Type (2016-2021)
Figure 44. Sales Market Share of Blood Sampling Machine by Application (2016-2021)
Figure 45. Sales Market Share of Blood Sampling Machine by Application in 2020
Figure 46. Revenue Share of Blood Sampling Machine by Application (2016-2021)
Figure 47. Revenue Share of Blood Sampling Machine by Application in 2020
Figure 48. Manufacturing Cost Structure of Blood Sampling Machine
Figure 49. Manufacturing Process Analysis of Blood Sampling Machine
Figure 50. Blood Sampling Machine Industrial Chain Analysis
Figure 51. Channels of Distribution
Figure 52. Distributors Profiles
Figure 53. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure 54. Data Triangulation
Figure 55. Key Executives Interviewed