Index
1 Market Overview
1.1 Car Windshield Introduction
1.2 Market Analysis by Type
1.2.1 Overview: Global Car Windshield Revenue by Type: 2017 Versus 2021 Versus 2028
1.2.2 Thermoplastic Material
1.2.3 Thermoset Material
1.3 Market Analysis by Application
1.3.1 Overview: Global Car Windshield Revenue by Application: 2017 Versus 2021 Versus 2028
1.3.2 Passenger Car
1.3.3 Light Commercial Vehicle
1.3.4 Heavy Commercial Vehicle
1.4 Global Car Windshield Market Size & Forecast
1.4.1 Global Car Windshield Sales in Value (2017 & 2021 & 2028)
1.4.2 Global Car Windshield Sales in Volume (2017-2028)
1.4.3 Global Car Windshield Price (2017-2028)
1.5 Global Car Windshield Production Capacity Analysis
1.5.1 Global Car Windshield Total Production Capacity (2017-2028)
1.5.2 Global Car Windshield Production Capacity by Geographic Region
1.6 Market Drivers, Restraints and Trends
1.6.1 Car Windshield Market Drivers
1.6.2 Car Windshield Market Restraints
1.6.3 Car Windshield Trends Analysis
2 Manufacturers Profiles
2.1 Fuyao Glass Industry Group
2.1.1 Fuyao Glass Industry Group Details
2.1.2 Fuyao Glass Industry Group Major Business
2.1.3 Fuyao Glass Industry Group Car Windshield Product and Services
2.1.4 Fuyao Glass Industry Group Car Windshield Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
2.2 Saint-Gobain SA
2.2.1 Saint-Gobain SA Details
2.2.2 Saint-Gobain SA Major Business
2.2.3 Saint-Gobain SA Car Windshield Product and Services
2.2.4 Saint-Gobain SA Car Windshield Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
2.3 Asahi Glass
2.3.1 Asahi Glass Details
2.3.2 Asahi Glass Major Business
2.3.3 Asahi Glass Car Windshield Product and Services
2.3.4 Asahi Glass Car Windshield Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
2.4 Nippon Sheet Glass Co. Ltd
2.4.1 Nippon Sheet Glass Co. Ltd Details
2.4.2 Nippon Sheet Glass Co. Ltd Major Business
2.4.3 Nippon Sheet Glass Co. Ltd Car Windshield Product and Services
2.4.4 Nippon Sheet Glass Co. Ltd Car Windshield Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
2.5 Guardian Industries
2.5.1 Guardian Industries Details
2.5.2 Guardian Industries Major Business
2.5.3 Guardian Industries Car Windshield Product and Services
2.5.4 Guardian Industries Car Windshield Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
2.6 Safelite Auto Glass
2.6.1 Safelite Auto Glass Details
2.6.2 Safelite Auto Glass Major Business
2.6.3 Safelite Auto Glass Car Windshield Product and Services
2.6.4 Safelite Auto Glass Car Windshield Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
2.7 Xinyi Glass Group
2.7.1 Xinyi Glass Group Details
2.7.2 Xinyi Glass Group Major Business
2.7.3 Xinyi Glass Group Car Windshield Product and Services
2.7.4 Xinyi Glass Group Car Windshield Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
3 Car Windshield Breakdown Data by Manufacturer
3.1 Global Car Windshield Sales in Volume by Manufacturer (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
3.2 Global Car Windshield Revenue by Manufacturer (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
3.3 Key Manufacturer Market Position in Car Windshield
3.4 Market Concentration Rate
3.4.1 Top 3 Car Windshield Manufacturer Market Share in 2021
3.4.2 Top 6 Car Windshield Manufacturer Market Share in 2021
3.5 Global Car Windshield Production Capacity by Company: 2021 VS 2022
3.6 Manufacturer by Geography: Head Office and Car Windshield Production Site
3.7 New Entrant and Capacity Expansion Plans
3.8 Mergers & Acquisitions
4 Market Analysis by Region
4.1 Global Car Windshield Market Size by Region
4.1.1 Global Car Windshield Sales in Volume by Region (2017-2028)
4.1.2 Global Car Windshield Revenue by Region (2017-2028)
4.2 North America Car Windshield Revenue (2017-2028)
4.3 Europe Car Windshield Revenue (2017-2028)
4.4 Asia-Pacific Car Windshield Revenue (2017-2028)
4.5 South America Car Windshield Revenue (2017-2028)
4.6 Middle East and Africa Car Windshield Revenue (2017-2028)
5 Market Segment by Type
5.1 Global Car Windshield Sales in Volume by Type (2017-2028)
5.2 Global Car Windshield Revenue by Type (2017-2028)
5.3 Global Car Windshield Price by Type (2017-2028)
6 Market Segment by Application
6.1 Global Car Windshield Sales in Volume by Application (2017-2028)
6.2 Global Car Windshield Revenue by Application (2017-2028)
6.3 Global Car Windshield Price by Application (2017-2028)
7 North America by Country, by Type, and by Application
7.1 North America Car Windshield Sales by Type (2017-2028)
7.2 North America Car Windshield Sales by Application (2017-2028)
7.3 North America Car Windshield Market Size by Country
7.3.1 North America Car Windshield Sales in Volume by Country (2017-2028)
7.3.2 North America Car Windshield Revenue by Country (2017-2028)
7.3.3 United States Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
7.3.4 Canada Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
7.3.5 Mexico Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
8 Europe by Country, by Type, and by Application
8.1 Europe Car Windshield Sales by Type (2017-2028)
8.2 Europe Car Windshield Sales by Application (2017-2028)
8.3 Europe Car Windshield Market Size by Country
8.3.1 Europe Car Windshield Sales in Volume by Country (2017-2028)
8.3.2 Europe Car Windshield Revenue by Country (2017-2028)
8.3.3 Germany Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
8.3.4 France Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
8.3.5 United Kingdom Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
8.3.6 Russia Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
8.3.7 Italy Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
9 Asia-Pacific by Region, by Type, and by Application
9.1 Asia-Pacific Car Windshield Sales by Type (2017-2028)
9.2 Asia-Pacific Car Windshield Sales by Application (2017-2028)
9.3 Asia-Pacific Car Windshield Market Size by Region
9.3.1 Asia-Pacific Car Windshield Sales in Volume by Region (2017-2028)
9.3.2 Asia-Pacific Car Windshield Revenue by Region (2017-2028)
9.3.3 China Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
9.3.4 Japan Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
9.3.5 Korea Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
9.3.6 India Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
9.3.7 Southeast Asia Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
9.3.8 Australia Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
10 South America by Region, by Type, and by Application
10.1 South America Car Windshield Sales by Type (2017-2028)
10.2 South America Car Windshield Sales by Application (2017-2028)
10.3 South America Car Windshield Market Size by Country
10.3.1 South America Car Windshield Sales in Volume by Country (2017-2028)
10.3.2 South America Car Windshield Revenue by Country (2017-2028)
10.3.3 Brazil Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
10.3.4 Argentina Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
11 Middle East & Africa by Country, by Type, and by Application
11.1 Middle East & Africa Car Windshield Sales by Type (2017-2028)
11.2 Middle East & Africa Car Windshield Sales by Application (2017-2028)
11.3 Middle East & Africa Car Windshield Market Size by Country
11.3.1 Middle East & Africa Car Windshield Sales in Volume by Country (2017-2028)
11.3.2 Middle East & Africa Car Windshield Revenue by Country (2017-2028)
11.3.3 Turkey Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
11.3.4 Egypt Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
11.3.5 Saudi Arabia Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
11.3.6 South Africa Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
12 Raw Material and Industry Chain
12.1 Raw Material of Car Windshield and Key Manufacturers
12.2 Manufacturing Costs Percentage of Car Windshield
12.3 Car Windshield Production Process
12.4 Car Windshield Industrial Chain
13 Sales Channel, Distributors, Traders and Dealers
13.1 Sales Channel
13.1.1 Direct Marketing
13.1.2 Indirect Marketing
13.2 Car Windshield Typical Distributors
13.3 Car Windshield Typical Customers
14 Research Findings and Conclusion
15 Appendix
15.1 Methodology
15.2 Research Process and Data Source
15.3 Disclaimer
List of Tables
List of Tables
Table 1. Global Car Windshield Revenue by Type, (USD Million), 2017 & 2021 & 2028
Table 2. Global Car Windshield Revenue by Application, (USD Million), 2017 & 2021 & 2028
Table 3. Fuyao Glass Industry Group Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 4. Fuyao Glass Industry Group Major Business
Table 5. Fuyao Glass Industry Group Car Windshield Product and Services
Table 6. Fuyao Glass Industry Group Car Windshield Sales (K Units), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
Table 7. Saint-Gobain SA Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 8. Saint-Gobain SA Major Business
Table 9. Saint-Gobain SA Car Windshield Product and Services
Table 10. Saint-Gobain SA Car Windshield Sales (K Units), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
Table 11. Asahi Glass Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 12. Asahi Glass Major Business
Table 13. Asahi Glass Car Windshield Product and Services
Table 14. Asahi Glass Car Windshield Sales (K Units), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
Table 15. Nippon Sheet Glass Co. Ltd Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 16. Nippon Sheet Glass Co. Ltd Major Business
Table 17. Nippon Sheet Glass Co. Ltd Car Windshield Product and Services
Table 18. Nippon Sheet Glass Co. Ltd Car Windshield Sales (K Units), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
Table 19. Guardian Industries Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 20. Guardian Industries Major Business
Table 21. Guardian Industries Car Windshield Product and Services
Table 22. Guardian Industries Car Windshield Sales (K Units), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
Table 23. Safelite Auto Glass Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 24. Safelite Auto Glass Major Business
Table 25. Safelite Auto Glass Car Windshield Product and Services
Table 26. Safelite Auto Glass Car Windshield Sales (K Units), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
Table 27. Xinyi Glass Group Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 28. Xinyi Glass Group Major Business
Table 29. Xinyi Glass Group Car Windshield Product and Services
Table 30. Xinyi Glass Group Car Windshield Sales (K Units), Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
Table 31. Global Car Windshield Sales by Manufacturer (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022) & (K Units)
Table 32. Global Car Windshield Revenue by Manufacturer (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022) & (USD Million)
Table 33. Market Position of Manufacturers in Car Windshield, (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3), Based on Revenue in 2021
Table 34. Global Car Windshield Production Capacity by Company, (K Units): 2020 VS 2021
Table 35. Head Office and Car Windshield Production Site of Key Manufacturer
Table 36. Car Windshield New Entrant and Capacity Expansion Plans
Table 37. Car Windshield Mergers & Acquisitions in the Past Five Years
Table 38. Global Car Windshield Sales by Region (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 39. Global Car Windshield Sales by Region (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 40. Global Car Windshield Revenue by Region (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 41. Global Car Windshield Revenue by Region (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 42. Global Car Windshield Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 43. Global Car Windshield Sales by Type (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 44. Global Car Windshield Revenue by Type (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 45. Global Car Windshield Revenue by Type (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 46. Global Car Windshield Price by Type (2017-2022) & (USD/Unit)
Table 47. Global Car Windshield Price by Type (2023-2028) & (USD/Unit)
Table 48. Global Car Windshield Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 49. Global Car Windshield Sales by Application (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 50. Global Car Windshield Revenue by Application (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 51. Global Car Windshield Revenue by Application (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 52. Global Car Windshield Price by Application (2017-2022) & (USD/Unit)
Table 53. Global Car Windshield Price by Application (2023-2028) & (USD/Unit)
Table 54. North America Car Windshield Sales by Country (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 55. North America Car Windshield Sales by Country (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 56. North America Car Windshield Revenue by Country (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 57. North America Car Windshield Revenue by Country (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 58. North America Car Windshield Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 59. North America Car Windshield Sales by Type (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 60. North America Car Windshield Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 61. North America Car Windshield Sales by Application (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 62. Europe Car Windshield Sales by Country (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 63. Europe Car Windshield Sales by Country (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 64. Europe Car Windshield Revenue by Country (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 65. Europe Car Windshield Revenue by Country (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 66. Europe Car Windshield Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 67. Europe Car Windshield Sales by Type (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 68. Europe Car Windshield Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 69. Europe Car Windshield Sales by Application (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 70. Asia-Pacific Car Windshield Sales by Region (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 71. Asia-Pacific Car Windshield Sales by Region (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 72. Asia-Pacific Car Windshield Revenue by Region (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 73. Asia-Pacific Car Windshield Revenue by Region (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 74. Asia-Pacific Car Windshield Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 75. Asia-Pacific Car Windshield Sales by Type (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 76. Asia-Pacific Car Windshield Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 77. Asia-Pacific Car Windshield Sales by Application (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 78. South America Car Windshield Sales by Country (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 79. South America Car Windshield Sales by Country (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 80. South America Car Windshield Revenue by Country (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 81. South America Car Windshield Revenue by Country (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 82. South America Car Windshield Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 83. South America Car Windshield Sales by Type (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 84. South America Car Windshield Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 85. South America Car Windshield Sales by Application (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 86. Middle East & Africa Car Windshield Sales by Region (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 87. Middle East & Africa Car Windshield Sales by Region (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 88. Middle East & Africa Car Windshield Revenue by Region (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 89. Middle East & Africa Car Windshield Revenue by Region (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 90. Middle East & Africa Car Windshield Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 91. Middle East & Africa Car Windshield Sales by Type (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 92. Middle East & Africa Car Windshield Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 93. Middle East & Africa Car Windshield Sales by Application (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 94. Car Windshield Raw Material
Table 95. Key Manufacturers of Car Windshield Raw Materials
Table 96. Direct Channel Pros & Cons
Table 97. Indirect Channel Pros & Cons
Table 98. Car Windshield Typical Distributors
Table 99. Car Windshield Typical Customers
List of Figures
Figure 1. Car Windshield Picture
Figure 2. Global Car Windshield Revenue Market Share by Type in 2021
Figure 3. Thermoplastic Material
Figure 4. Thermoset Material
Figure 5. Global Car Windshield Revenue Market Share by Application in 2021
Figure 6. Passenger Car
Figure 7. Light Commercial Vehicle
Figure 8. Heavy Commercial Vehicle
Figure 9. Global Car Windshield Revenue, (USD Million) & (K Units): 2017 & 2021 & 2028
Figure 10. Global Car Windshield Revenue and Forecast (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 11. Global Car Windshield Sales (2017-2028) & (K Units)
Figure 12. Global Car Windshield Price (2017-2028) & (USD/Unit)
Figure 13. Global Car Windshield Production Capacity (2017-2028) & (K Units)
Figure 14. Global Car Windshield Production Capacity by Geographic Region: 2022 VS 2028
Figure 15. Car Windshield Market Drivers
Figure 16. Car Windshield Market Restraints
Figure 17. Car Windshield Market Trends
Figure 18. Global Car Windshield Sales Market Share by Manufacturer in 2021
Figure 19. Global Car Windshield Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2021
Figure 20. Car Windshield Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) in 2021
Figure 21. Top 3 Car Windshield Manufacturer (Revenue) Market Share in 2021
Figure 22. Top 6 Car Windshield Manufacturer (Revenue) Market Share in 2021
Figure 23. Global Car Windshield Sales Market Share by Region (2017-2028)
Figure 24. Global Car Windshield Revenue Market Share by Region (2017-2028)
Figure 25. North America Car Windshield Revenue (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 26. Europe Car Windshield Revenue (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 27. Asia-Pacific Car Windshield Revenue (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 28. South America Car Windshield Revenue (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 29. Middle East & Africa Car Windshield Revenue (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 30. Global Car Windshield Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 31. Global Car Windshield Revenue Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 32. Global Car Windshield Price by Type (2017-2028) & (USD/Unit)
Figure 33. Global Car Windshield Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 34. Global Car Windshield Revenue Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 35. Global Car Windshield Price by Application (2017-2028) & (USD/Unit)
Figure 36. North America Car Windshield Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 37. North America Car Windshield Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 38. North America Car Windshield Sales Market Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 39. North America Car Windshield Revenue Market Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 40. United States Car Windshield Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 41. Canada Car Windshield Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 42. Mexico Car Windshield Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 43. Europe Car Windshield Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 44. Europe Car Windshield Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 45. Europe Car Windshield Sales Market Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 46. Europe Car Windshield Revenue Market Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 47. Germany Car Windshield Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 48. France Car Windshield Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 49. United Kingdom Car Windshield Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 50. Russia Car Windshield Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 51. Italy Car Windshield Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 52. Asia-Pacific Car Windshield Sales Market Share by Region (2017-2028)
Figure 53. Asia-Pacific Car Windshield Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 54. Asia-Pacific Car Windshield Sales Market Share by Region (2017-2028)
Figure 55. Asia-Pacific Car Windshield Revenue Market Share by Region (2017-2028)
Figure 56. China Car Windshield Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 57. Japan Car Windshield Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 58. Korea Car Windshield Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 59. India Car Windshield Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 60. Southeast Asia Car Windshield Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 61. Australia Car Windshield Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 62. South America Car Windshield Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 63. South America Car Windshield Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 64. South America Car Windshield Sales Market Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 65. South America Car Windshield Revenue Market Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 66. Brazil Car Windshield Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 67. Argentina Car Windshield Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 68. Middle East & Africa Car Windshield Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 69. Middle East & Africa Car Windshield Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 70. Middle East & Africa Car Windshield Sales Market Share by Region (2017-2028)
Figure 71. Middle East & Africa Car Windshield Revenue Market Share by Region (2017-2028)
Figure 72. Turkey Car Windshield Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 73. Egypt Car Windshield Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 74. Saudi Arabia Car Windshield Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 75. South Africa Car Windshield Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 76. Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Car Windshield in 2021
Figure 77. Manufacturing Process Analysis of Car Windshield
Figure 78. Car Windshield Industrial Chain
Figure 79. Sales Channel: Direct Channel vs Indirect Channel
Figure 80. Methodology
Figure 81. Research Process and Data Source