Index
1 Creatine Pyruvate Market Overview
1.1 Product Definition
1.2 Creatine Pyruvate Segment by Type
1.2.1 Global Creatine Pyruvate Market Value Growth Rate Analysis by Type 2023 VS 2030
1.2.2 Purity: <99%
1.2.3 Purity: ≥99%
1.3 Creatine Pyruvate Segment by Application
1.3.1 Global Creatine Pyruvate Market Value Growth Rate Analysis by Application: 2023 VS 2030
1.3.2 Sport Nutrition
1.3.3 Pharmaceutical
1.3.4 Other
1.4 Global Market Growth Prospects
1.4.1 Global Creatine Pyruvate Production Value Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
1.4.2 Global Creatine Pyruvate Production Capacity Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
1.4.3 Global Creatine Pyruvate Production Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
1.4.4 Global Creatine Pyruvate Market Average Price Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
1.5 Assumptions and Limitations
2 Market Competition by Manufacturers
2.1 Global Creatine Pyruvate Production Market Share by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
2.2 Global Creatine Pyruvate Production Value Market Share by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
2.3 Global Key Players of Creatine Pyruvate, Industry Ranking, 2022 VS 2023 VS 2024
2.4 Global Creatine Pyruvate Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3)
2.5 Global Creatine Pyruvate Average Price by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
2.6 Global Key Manufacturers of Creatine Pyruvate, Manufacturing Base Distribution and Headquarters
2.7 Global Key Manufacturers of Creatine Pyruvate, Product Offered and Application
2.8 Global Key Manufacturers of Creatine Pyruvate, Date of Enter into This Industry
2.9 Creatine Pyruvate Market Competitive Situation and Trends
2.9.1 Creatine Pyruvate Market Concentration Rate
2.9.2 Global 5 and 10 Largest Creatine Pyruvate Players Market Share by Revenue
2.10 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion
3 Creatine Pyruvate Production by Region
3.1 Global Creatine Pyruvate Production Value Estimates and Forecasts by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
3.2 Global Creatine Pyruvate Production Value by Region (2019-2030)
3.2.1 Global Creatine Pyruvate Production Value Market Share by Region (2019-2024)
3.2.2 Global Forecasted Production Value of Creatine Pyruvate by Region (2025-2030)
3.3 Global Creatine Pyruvate Production Estimates and Forecasts by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
3.4 Global Creatine Pyruvate Production by Region (2019-2030)
3.4.1 Global Creatine Pyruvate Production Market Share by Region (2019-2024)
3.4.2 Global Forecasted Production of Creatine Pyruvate by Region (2025-2030)
3.5 Global Creatine Pyruvate Market Price Analysis by Region (2019-2024)
3.6 Global Creatine Pyruvate Production and Value, Year-over-Year Growth
3.6.1 North America Creatine Pyruvate Production Value Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
3.6.2 Europe Creatine Pyruvate Production Value Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
3.6.3 China Creatine Pyruvate Production Value Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
3.6.4 Japan Creatine Pyruvate Production Value Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
4 Creatine Pyruvate Consumption by Region
4.1 Global Creatine Pyruvate Consumption Estimates and Forecasts by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
4.2 Global Creatine Pyruvate Consumption by Region (2019-2030)
4.2.1 Global Creatine Pyruvate Consumption by Region (2019-2024)
4.2.2 Global Creatine Pyruvate Forecasted Consumption by Region (2025-2030)
4.3 North America
4.3.1 North America Creatine Pyruvate Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
4.3.2 North America Creatine Pyruvate Consumption by Country (2019-2030)
4.3.3 U.S.
4.3.4 Canada
4.4 Europe
4.4.1 Europe Creatine Pyruvate Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
4.4.2 Europe Creatine Pyruvate Consumption by Country (2019-2030)
4.4.3 Germany
4.4.4 France
4.4.5 U.K.
4.4.6 Italy
4.4.7 Russia
4.5 Asia Pacific
4.5.1 Asia Pacific Creatine Pyruvate Consumption Growth Rate by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
4.5.2 Asia Pacific Creatine Pyruvate Consumption by Region (2019-2030)
4.5.3 China
4.5.4 Japan
4.5.5 South Korea
4.5.6 China Taiwan
4.5.7 Southeast Asia
4.5.8 India
4.6 Latin America, Middle East & Africa
4.6.1 Latin America, Middle East & Africa Creatine Pyruvate Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
4.6.2 Latin America, Middle East & Africa Creatine Pyruvate Consumption by Country (2019-2030)
4.6.3 Mexico
4.6.4 Brazil
4.6.5 Turkey
5 Segment by Type
5.1 Global Creatine Pyruvate Production by Type (2019-2030)
5.1.1 Global Creatine Pyruvate Production by Type (2019-2024)
5.1.2 Global Creatine Pyruvate Production by Type (2025-2030)
5.1.3 Global Creatine Pyruvate Production Market Share by Type (2019-2030)
5.2 Global Creatine Pyruvate Production Value by Type (2019-2030)
5.2.1 Global Creatine Pyruvate Production Value by Type (2019-2024)
5.2.2 Global Creatine Pyruvate Production Value by Type (2025-2030)
5.2.3 Global Creatine Pyruvate Production Value Market Share by Type (2019-2030)
5.3 Global Creatine Pyruvate Price by Type (2019-2030)
6 Segment by Application
6.1 Global Creatine Pyruvate Production by Application (2019-2030)
6.1.1 Global Creatine Pyruvate Production by Application (2019-2024)
6.1.2 Global Creatine Pyruvate Production by Application (2025-2030)
6.1.3 Global Creatine Pyruvate Production Market Share by Application (2019-2030)
6.2 Global Creatine Pyruvate Production Value by Application (2019-2030)
6.2.1 Global Creatine Pyruvate Production Value by Application (2019-2024)
6.2.2 Global Creatine Pyruvate Production Value by Application (2025-2030)
6.2.3 Global Creatine Pyruvate Production Value Market Share by Application (2019-2030)
6.3 Global Creatine Pyruvate Price by Application (2019-2030)
7 Key Companies Profiled
7.1 Shanghai Lianlu Industry
7.1.1 Shanghai Lianlu Industry Creatine Pyruvate Corporation Information
7.1.2 Shanghai Lianlu Industry Creatine Pyruvate Product Portfolio
7.1.3 Shanghai Lianlu Industry Creatine Pyruvate Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.1.4 Shanghai Lianlu Industry Main Business and Markets Served
7.1.5 Shanghai Lianlu Industry Recent Developments/Updates
7.2 Sunland Nutrition
7.2.1 Sunland Nutrition Creatine Pyruvate Corporation Information
7.2.2 Sunland Nutrition Creatine Pyruvate Product Portfolio
7.2.3 Sunland Nutrition Creatine Pyruvate Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.2.4 Sunland Nutrition Main Business and Markets Served
7.2.5 Sunland Nutrition Recent Developments/Updates
7.3 Scitec Nutrition
7.3.1 Scitec Nutrition Creatine Pyruvate Corporation Information
7.3.2 Scitec Nutrition Creatine Pyruvate Product Portfolio
7.3.3 Scitec Nutrition Creatine Pyruvate Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.3.4 Scitec Nutrition Main Business and Markets Served
7.3.5 Scitec Nutrition Recent Developments/Updates
7.4 Kangcare
7.4.1 Kangcare Creatine Pyruvate Corporation Information
7.4.2 Kangcare Creatine Pyruvate Product Portfolio
7.4.3 Kangcare Creatine Pyruvate Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.4.4 Kangcare Main Business and Markets Served
7.4.5 Kangcare Recent Developments/Updates
7.5 Jinan Zian
7.5.1 Jinan Zian Creatine Pyruvate Corporation Information
7.5.2 Jinan Zian Creatine Pyruvate Product Portfolio
7.5.3 Jinan Zian Creatine Pyruvate Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.5.4 Jinan Zian Main Business and Markets Served
7.5.5 Jinan Zian Recent Developments/Updates
8 Industry Chain and Sales Channels Analysis
8.1 Creatine Pyruvate Industry Chain Analysis
8.2 Creatine Pyruvate Key Raw Materials
8.2.1 Key Raw Materials
8.2.2 Raw Materials Key Suppliers
8.3 Creatine Pyruvate Production Mode & Process
8.4 Creatine Pyruvate Sales and Marketing
8.4.1 Creatine Pyruvate Sales Channels
8.4.2 Creatine Pyruvate Distributors
8.5 Creatine Pyruvate Customers
9 Creatine Pyruvate Market Dynamics
9.1 Creatine Pyruvate Industry Trends
9.2 Creatine Pyruvate Market Drivers
9.3 Creatine Pyruvate Market Challenges
9.4 Creatine Pyruvate Market Restraints
10 Research Finding and Conclusion
11 Methodology and Data Source
11.1 Methodology/Research Approach
11.1.1 Research Programs/Design
11.1.2 Market Size Estimation
11.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
11.2 Data Source
11.2.1 Secondary Sources
11.2.2 Primary Sources
11.3 Author List
11.4 Disclaimer
List of Tables
List of Tables
Table 1. Global Creatine Pyruvate Market Value by Type, (US$ Million) & (2023 VS 2030)
Table 2. Global Creatine Pyruvate Market Value by Application, (US$ Million) & (2023 VS 2030)
Table 3. Global Creatine Pyruvate Production Capacity (K MT) by Manufacturers in 2023
Table 4. Global Creatine Pyruvate Production by Manufacturers (2019-2024) & (K MT)
Table 5. Global Creatine Pyruvate Production Market Share by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
Table 6. Global Creatine Pyruvate Production Value by Manufacturers (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 7. Global Creatine Pyruvate Production Value Share by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
Table 8. Global Creatine Pyruvate Industry Ranking 2022 VS 2023 VS 2024
Table 9. Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in Creatine Pyruvate as of 2023)
Table 10. Global Market Creatine Pyruvate Average Price by Manufacturers (USD/MT) & (2019-2024)
Table 11. Manufacturers Creatine Pyruvate Production Sites and Area Served
Table 12. Manufacturers Creatine Pyruvate Product Types
Table 13. Global Creatine Pyruvate Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table 14. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion
Table 15. Global Creatine Pyruvate Production Value by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (US$ Million)
Table 16. Global Creatine Pyruvate Production Value (US$ Million) by Region (2019-2024)
Table 17. Global Creatine Pyruvate Production Value Market Share by Region (2019-2024)
Table 18. Global Creatine Pyruvate Production Value (US$ Million) Forecast by Region (2025-2030)
Table 19. Global Creatine Pyruvate Production Value Market Share Forecast by Region (2025-2030)
Table 20. Global Creatine Pyruvate Production Comparison by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (K MT)
Table 21. Global Creatine Pyruvate Production (K MT) by Region (2019-2024)
Table 22. Global Creatine Pyruvate Production Market Share by Region (2019-2024)
Table 23. Global Creatine Pyruvate Production (K MT) Forecast by Region (2025-2030)
Table 24. Global Creatine Pyruvate Production Market Share Forecast by Region (2025-2030)
Table 25. Global Creatine Pyruvate Market Average Price (USD/MT) by Region (2019-2024)
Table 26. Global Creatine Pyruvate Market Average Price (USD/MT) by Region (2025-2030)
Table 27. Global Creatine Pyruvate Consumption Growth Rate by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (K MT)
Table 28. Global Creatine Pyruvate Consumption by Region (2019-2024) & (K MT)
Table 29. Global Creatine Pyruvate Consumption Market Share by Region (2019-2024)
Table 30. Global Creatine Pyruvate Forecasted Consumption by Region (2025-2030) & (K MT)
Table 31. Global Creatine Pyruvate Forecasted Consumption Market Share by Region (2019-2024)
Table 32. North America Creatine Pyruvate Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (K MT)
Table 33. North America Creatine Pyruvate Consumption by Country (2019-2024) & (K MT)
Table 34. North America Creatine Pyruvate Consumption by Country (2025-2030) & (K MT)
Table 35. Europe Creatine Pyruvate Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (K MT)
Table 36. Europe Creatine Pyruvate Consumption by Country (2019-2024) & (K MT)
Table 37. Europe Creatine Pyruvate Consumption by Country (2025-2030) & (K MT)
Table 38. Asia Pacific Creatine Pyruvate Consumption Growth Rate by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (K MT)
Table 39. Asia Pacific Creatine Pyruvate Consumption by Region (2019-2024) & (K MT)
Table 40. Asia Pacific Creatine Pyruvate Consumption by Region (2025-2030) & (K MT)
Table 41. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Creatine Pyruvate Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (K MT)
Table 42. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Creatine Pyruvate Consumption by Country (2019-2024) & (K MT)
Table 43. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Creatine Pyruvate Consumption by Country (2025-2030) & (K MT)
Table 44. Global Creatine Pyruvate Production (K MT) by Type (2019-2024)
Table 45. Global Creatine Pyruvate Production (K MT) by Type (2025-2030)
Table 46. Global Creatine Pyruvate Production Market Share by Type (2019-2024)
Table 47. Global Creatine Pyruvate Production Market Share by Type (2025-2030)
Table 48. Global Creatine Pyruvate Production Value (US$ Million) by Type (2019-2024)
Table 49. Global Creatine Pyruvate Production Value (US$ Million) by Type (2025-2030)
Table 50. Global Creatine Pyruvate Production Value Share by Type (2019-2024)
Table 51. Global Creatine Pyruvate Production Value Share by Type (2025-2030)
Table 52. Global Creatine Pyruvate Price (USD/MT) by Type (2019-2024)
Table 53. Global Creatine Pyruvate Price (USD/MT) by Type (2025-2030)
Table 54. Global Creatine Pyruvate Production (K MT) by Application (2019-2024)
Table 55. Global Creatine Pyruvate Production (K MT) by Application (2025-2030)
Table 56. Global Creatine Pyruvate Production Market Share by Application (2019-2024)
Table 57. Global Creatine Pyruvate Production Market Share by Application (2025-2030)
Table 58. Global Creatine Pyruvate Production Value (US$ Million) by Application (2019-2024)
Table 59. Global Creatine Pyruvate Production Value (US$ Million) by Application (2025-2030)
Table 60. Global Creatine Pyruvate Production Value Share by Application (2019-2024)
Table 61. Global Creatine Pyruvate Production Value Share by Application (2025-2030)
Table 62. Global Creatine Pyruvate Price (USD/MT) by Application (2019-2024)
Table 63. Global Creatine Pyruvate Price (USD/MT) by Application (2025-2030)
Table 64. Shanghai Lianlu Industry Creatine Pyruvate Corporation Information
Table 65. Shanghai Lianlu Industry Specification and Application
Table 66. Shanghai Lianlu Industry Creatine Pyruvate Production (K MT), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 67. Shanghai Lianlu Industry Main Business and Markets Served
Table 68. Shanghai Lianlu Industry Recent Developments/Updates
Table 69. Sunland Nutrition Creatine Pyruvate Corporation Information
Table 70. Sunland Nutrition Specification and Application
Table 71. Sunland Nutrition Creatine Pyruvate Production (K MT), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 72. Sunland Nutrition Main Business and Markets Served
Table 73. Sunland Nutrition Recent Developments/Updates
Table 74. Scitec Nutrition Creatine Pyruvate Corporation Information
Table 75. Scitec Nutrition Specification and Application
Table 76. Scitec Nutrition Creatine Pyruvate Production (K MT), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 77. Scitec Nutrition Main Business and Markets Served
Table 78. Scitec Nutrition Recent Developments/Updates
Table 79. Kangcare Creatine Pyruvate Corporation Information
Table 80. Kangcare Specification and Application
Table 81. Kangcare Creatine Pyruvate Production (K MT), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 82. Kangcare Main Business and Markets Served
Table 83. Kangcare Recent Developments/Updates
Table 84. Jinan Zian Creatine Pyruvate Corporation Information
Table 85. Jinan Zian Specification and Application
Table 86. Jinan Zian Creatine Pyruvate Production (K MT), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 87. Jinan Zian Main Business and Markets Served
Table 88. Jinan Zian Recent Developments/Updates
Table 89. Key Raw Materials Lists
Table 90. Raw Materials Key Suppliers Lists
Table 91. Creatine Pyruvate Distributors List
Table 92. Creatine Pyruvate Customers List
Table 93. Creatine Pyruvate Market Trends
Table 94. Creatine Pyruvate Market Drivers
Table 95. Creatine Pyruvate Market Challenges
Table 96. Creatine Pyruvate Market Restraints
Table 97. Research Programs/Design for This Report
Table 98. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table 99. Key Data Information from Primary Sources
List of Figures
Figure 1. Product Picture of Creatine Pyruvate
Figure 2. Global Creatine Pyruvate Market Value by Type, (US$ Million) & (2023 VS 2030)
Figure 3. Global Creatine Pyruvate Market Share by Type: 2023 VS 2030
Figure 4. Purity: <99% Product Picture
Figure 5. Purity: ≥99% Product Picture
Figure 6. Global Creatine Pyruvate Market Value by Application, (US$ Million) & (2023 VS 2030)
Figure 7. Global Creatine Pyruvate Market Share by Application: 2023 VS 2030
Figure 8. Sport Nutrition
Figure 9. Pharmaceutical
Figure 10. Other
Figure 11. Global Creatine Pyruvate Production Value (US$ Million), 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
Figure 12. Global Creatine Pyruvate Production Value (US$ Million) & (2019-2030)
Figure 13. Global Creatine Pyruvate Production Capacity (K MT) & (2019-2030)
Figure 14. Global Creatine Pyruvate Production (K MT) & (2019-2030)
Figure 15. Global Creatine Pyruvate Average Price (USD/MT) & (2019-2030)
Figure 16. Creatine Pyruvate Report Years Considered
Figure 17. Creatine Pyruvate Production Share by Manufacturers in 2023
Figure 18. Creatine Pyruvate Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3): 2019 VS 2023
Figure 19. The Global 5 and 10 Largest Players: Market Share by Creatine Pyruvate Revenue in 2023
Figure 20. Global Creatine Pyruvate Production Value by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (US$ Million)
Figure 21. Global Creatine Pyruvate Production Value Market Share by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
Figure 22. Global Creatine Pyruvate Production Comparison by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (K MT)
Figure 23. Global Creatine Pyruvate Production Market Share by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
Figure 24. North America Creatine Pyruvate Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2019-2030)
Figure 25. Europe Creatine Pyruvate Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2019-2030)
Figure 26. China Creatine Pyruvate Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2019-2030)
Figure 27. Japan Creatine Pyruvate Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2019-2030)
Figure 28. Global Creatine Pyruvate Consumption by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (K MT)
Figure 29. Global Creatine Pyruvate Consumption Market Share by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
Figure 30. North America Creatine Pyruvate Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K MT)
Figure 31. North America Creatine Pyruvate Consumption Market Share by Country (2019-2030)
Figure 32. Canada Creatine Pyruvate Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K MT)
Figure 33. U.S. Creatine Pyruvate Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K MT)
Figure 34. Europe Creatine Pyruvate Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K MT)
Figure 35. Europe Creatine Pyruvate Consumption Market Share by Country (2019-2030)
Figure 36. Germany Creatine Pyruvate Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K MT)
Figure 37. France Creatine Pyruvate Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K MT)
Figure 38. U.K. Creatine Pyruvate Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K MT)
Figure 39. Italy Creatine Pyruvate Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K MT)
Figure 40. Russia Creatine Pyruvate Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K MT)
Figure 41. Asia Pacific Creatine Pyruvate Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K MT)
Figure 42. Asia Pacific Creatine Pyruvate Consumption Market Share by Regions (2019-2030)
Figure 43. China Creatine Pyruvate Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K MT)
Figure 44. Japan Creatine Pyruvate Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K MT)
Figure 45. South Korea Creatine Pyruvate Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K MT)
Figure 46. China Taiwan Creatine Pyruvate Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K MT)
Figure 47. Southeast Asia Creatine Pyruvate Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K MT)
Figure 48. India Creatine Pyruvate Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K MT)
Figure 49. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Creatine Pyruvate Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K MT)
Figure 50. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Creatine Pyruvate Consumption Market Share by Country (2019-2030)
Figure 51. Mexico Creatine Pyruvate Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K MT)
Figure 52. Brazil Creatine Pyruvate Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K MT)
Figure 53. Turkey Creatine Pyruvate Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K MT)
Figure 54. GCC Countries Creatine Pyruvate Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K MT)
Figure 55. Global Production Market Share of Creatine Pyruvate by Type (2019-2030)
Figure 56. Global Production Value Market Share of Creatine Pyruvate by Type (2019-2030)
Figure 57. Global Creatine Pyruvate Price (USD/MT) by Type (2019-2030)
Figure 58. Global Production Market Share of Creatine Pyruvate by Application (2019-2030)
Figure 59. Global Production Value Market Share of Creatine Pyruvate by Application (2019-2030)
Figure 60. Global Creatine Pyruvate Price (USD/MT) by Application (2019-2030)
Figure 61. Creatine Pyruvate Value Chain
Figure 62. Creatine Pyruvate Production Process
Figure 63. Channels of Distribution (Direct Vs Distribution)
Figure 64. Distributors Profiles
Figure 65. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure 66. Data Triangulation