Index
1 Hybrid EV Batteries Market Overview
1.1 Product Definition
1.2 Hybrid EV Batteries Segment by Type
1.2.1 Global Hybrid EV Batteries Market Value Growth Rate Analysis by Type 2023 VS 2030
1.2.2 Nickel Metal Hydride Batteries
1.2.3 Lead Acid Batteries
1.2.4 Lithium Ion Cells
1.2.5 Zebra Batteries
1.3 Hybrid EV Batteries Segment by Application
1.3.1 Global Hybrid EV Batteries Market Value Growth Rate Analysis by Application: 2023 VS 2030
1.3.2 Rail Cars
1.3.3 Buses
1.3.4 Cars
1.3.5 Others
1.4 Global Market Growth Prospects
1.4.1 Global Hybrid EV Batteries Production Value Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
1.4.2 Global Hybrid EV Batteries Production Capacity Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
1.4.3 Global Hybrid EV Batteries Production Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
1.4.4 Global Hybrid EV Batteries Market Average Price Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
1.5 Assumptions and Limitations
2 Market Competition by Manufacturers
2.1 Global Hybrid EV Batteries Production Market Share by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
2.2 Global Hybrid EV Batteries Production Value Market Share by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
2.3 Global Key Players of Hybrid EV Batteries, Industry Ranking, 2022 VS 2023 VS 2024
2.4 Global Hybrid EV Batteries Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3)
2.5 Global Hybrid EV Batteries Average Price by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
2.6 Global Key Manufacturers of Hybrid EV Batteries, Manufacturing Base Distribution and Headquarters
2.7 Global Key Manufacturers of Hybrid EV Batteries, Product Offered and Application
2.8 Global Key Manufacturers of Hybrid EV Batteries, Date of Enter into This Industry
2.9 Hybrid EV Batteries Market Competitive Situation and Trends
2.9.1 Hybrid EV Batteries Market Concentration Rate
2.9.2 Global 5 and 10 Largest Hybrid EV Batteries Players Market Share by Revenue
2.10 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion
3 Hybrid EV Batteries Production by Region
3.1 Global Hybrid EV Batteries Production Value Estimates and Forecasts by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
3.2 Global Hybrid EV Batteries Production Value by Region (2019-2030)
3.2.1 Global Hybrid EV Batteries Production Value Market Share by Region (2019-2024)
3.2.2 Global Forecasted Production Value of Hybrid EV Batteries by Region (2025-2030)
3.3 Global Hybrid EV Batteries Production Estimates and Forecasts by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
3.4 Global Hybrid EV Batteries Production by Region (2019-2030)
3.4.1 Global Hybrid EV Batteries Production Market Share by Region (2019-2024)
3.4.2 Global Forecasted Production of Hybrid EV Batteries by Region (2025-2030)
3.5 Global Hybrid EV Batteries Market Price Analysis by Region (2019-2024)
3.6 Global Hybrid EV Batteries Production and Value, Year-over-Year Growth
3.6.1 North America Hybrid EV Batteries Production Value Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
3.6.2 Europe Hybrid EV Batteries Production Value Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
3.6.3 China Hybrid EV Batteries Production Value Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
3.6.4 Japan Hybrid EV Batteries Production Value Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
4 Hybrid EV Batteries Consumption by Region
4.1 Global Hybrid EV Batteries Consumption Estimates and Forecasts by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
4.2 Global Hybrid EV Batteries Consumption by Region (2019-2030)
4.2.1 Global Hybrid EV Batteries Consumption by Region (2019-2024)
4.2.2 Global Hybrid EV Batteries Forecasted Consumption by Region (2025-2030)
4.3 North America
4.3.1 North America Hybrid EV Batteries Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
4.3.2 North America Hybrid EV Batteries Consumption by Country (2019-2030)
4.3.3 U.S.
4.3.4 Canada
4.4 Europe
4.4.1 Europe Hybrid EV Batteries Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
4.4.2 Europe Hybrid EV Batteries Consumption by Country (2019-2030)
4.5 Asia Pacific
4.5.1 Asia Pacific Hybrid EV Batteries Consumption Growth Rate by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
4.5.2 Asia Pacific Hybrid EV Batteries Consumption by Region (2019-2030)
4.5.3 China
4.5.4 Japan
4.5.5 South Korea
4.5.6 China Taiwan
4.5.7 Southeast Asia
4.5.8 India
4.6 Latin America, Middle East & Africa
4.6.1 Latin America, Middle East & Africa Hybrid EV Batteries Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
4.6.2 Latin America, Middle East & Africa Hybrid EV Batteries Consumption by Country (2019-2030)
5 Segment by Type
5.1 Global Hybrid EV Batteries Production by Type (2019-2030)
5.1.1 Global Hybrid EV Batteries Production by Type (2019-2024)
5.1.2 Global Hybrid EV Batteries Production by Type (2025-2030)
5.1.3 Global Hybrid EV Batteries Production Market Share by Type (2019-2030)
5.2 Global Hybrid EV Batteries Production Value by Type (2019-2030)
5.2.1 Global Hybrid EV Batteries Production Value by Type (2019-2024)
5.2.2 Global Hybrid EV Batteries Production Value by Type (2025-2030)
5.2.3 Global Hybrid EV Batteries Production Value Market Share by Type (2019-2030)
5.3 Global Hybrid EV Batteries Price by Type (2019-2030)
6 Segment by Application
6.1 Global Hybrid EV Batteries Production by Application (2019-2030)
6.1.1 Global Hybrid EV Batteries Production by Application (2019-2024)
6.1.2 Global Hybrid EV Batteries Production by Application (2025-2030)
6.1.3 Global Hybrid EV Batteries Production Market Share by Application (2019-2030)
6.2 Global Hybrid EV Batteries Production Value by Application (2019-2030)
6.2.1 Global Hybrid EV Batteries Production Value by Application (2019-2024)
6.2.2 Global Hybrid EV Batteries Production Value by Application (2025-2030)
6.2.3 Global Hybrid EV Batteries Production Value Market Share by Application (2019-2030)
6.3 Global Hybrid EV Batteries Price by Application (2019-2030)
7 Key Companies Profiled
7.1 Samsung SDI
7.1.1 Samsung SDI Hybrid EV Batteries Corporation Information
7.1.2 Samsung SDI Hybrid EV Batteries Product Portfolio
7.1.3 Samsung SDI Hybrid EV Batteries Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.1.4 Samsung SDI Main Business and Markets Served
7.1.5 Samsung SDI Recent Developments/Updates
7.2 Boston-Power
7.2.1 Boston-Power Hybrid EV Batteries Corporation Information
7.2.2 Boston-Power Hybrid EV Batteries Product Portfolio
7.2.3 Boston-Power Hybrid EV Batteries Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.2.4 Boston-Power Main Business and Markets Served
7.2.5 Boston-Power Recent Developments/Updates
7.3 LG
7.3.1 LG Hybrid EV Batteries Corporation Information
7.3.2 LG Hybrid EV Batteries Product Portfolio
7.3.3 LG Hybrid EV Batteries Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.3.4 LG Main Business and Markets Served
7.3.5 LG Recent Developments/Updates
7.4 Quallion
7.4.1 Quallion Hybrid EV Batteries Corporation Information
7.4.2 Quallion Hybrid EV Batteries Product Portfolio
7.4.3 Quallion Hybrid EV Batteries Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.4.4 Quallion Main Business and Markets Served
7.4.5 Quallion Recent Developments/Updates
7.5 Nissan
7.5.1 Nissan Hybrid EV Batteries Corporation Information
7.5.2 Nissan Hybrid EV Batteries Product Portfolio
7.5.3 Nissan Hybrid EV Batteries Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.5.4 Nissan Main Business and Markets Served
7.5.5 Nissan Recent Developments/Updates
8 Industry Chain and Sales Channels Analysis
8.1 Hybrid EV Batteries Industry Chain Analysis
8.2 Hybrid EV Batteries Key Raw Materials
8.2.1 Key Raw Materials
8.2.2 Raw Materials Key Suppliers
8.3 Hybrid EV Batteries Production Mode & Process
8.4 Hybrid EV Batteries Sales and Marketing
8.4.1 Hybrid EV Batteries Sales Channels
8.4.2 Hybrid EV Batteries Distributors
8.5 Hybrid EV Batteries Customers
9 Hybrid EV Batteries Market Dynamics
9.1 Hybrid EV Batteries Industry Trends
9.2 Hybrid EV Batteries Market Drivers
9.3 Hybrid EV Batteries Market Challenges
9.4 Hybrid EV Batteries Market Restraints
10 Research Finding and Conclusion
11 Methodology and Data Source
11.1 Methodology/Research Approach
11.1.1 Research Programs/Design
11.1.2 Market Size Estimation
11.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
11.2 Data Source
11.2.1 Secondary Sources
11.2.2 Primary Sources
11.3 Author List
11.4 Disclaimer
List of Tables
List of Tables
Table 1. Global Hybrid EV Batteries Market Value by Type, (US$ Million) & (2023 VS 2030)
Table 2. Global Hybrid EV Batteries Market Value by Application, (US$ Million) & (2023 VS 2030)
Table 3. Global Hybrid EV Batteries Production Capacity (K Units) by Manufacturers in 2023
Table 4. Global Hybrid EV Batteries Production by Manufacturers (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Table 5. Global Hybrid EV Batteries Production Market Share by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
Table 6. Global Hybrid EV Batteries Production Value by Manufacturers (2019-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 7. Global Hybrid EV Batteries Production Value Share by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
Table 8. Global Hybrid EV Batteries Industry Ranking 2022 VS 2023 VS 2024
Table 9. Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in Hybrid EV Batteries as of 2023)
Table 10. Global Market Hybrid EV Batteries Average Price by Manufacturers (USD/Unit) & (2019-2024)
Table 11. Manufacturers Hybrid EV Batteries Production Sites and Area Served
Table 12. Manufacturers Hybrid EV Batteries Product Types
Table 13. Global Hybrid EV Batteries Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table 14. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion
Table 15. Global Hybrid EV Batteries Production Value by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (US$ Million)
Table 16. Global Hybrid EV Batteries Production Value (US$ Million) by Region (2019-2024)
Table 17. Global Hybrid EV Batteries Production Value Market Share by Region (2019-2024)
Table 18. Global Hybrid EV Batteries Production Value (US$ Million) Forecast by Region (2025-2030)
Table 19. Global Hybrid EV Batteries Production Value Market Share Forecast by Region (2025-2030)
Table 20. Global Hybrid EV Batteries Production Comparison by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (K Units)
Table 21. Global Hybrid EV Batteries Production (K Units) by Region (2019-2024)
Table 22. Global Hybrid EV Batteries Production Market Share by Region (2019-2024)
Table 23. Global Hybrid EV Batteries Production (K Units) Forecast by Region (2025-2030)
Table 24. Global Hybrid EV Batteries Production Market Share Forecast by Region (2025-2030)
Table 25. Global Hybrid EV Batteries Market Average Price (USD/Unit) by Region (2019-2024)
Table 26. Global Hybrid EV Batteries Market Average Price (USD/Unit) by Region (2025-2030)
Table 27. Global Hybrid EV Batteries Consumption Growth Rate by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (K Units)
Table 28. Global Hybrid EV Batteries Consumption by Region (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Table 29. Global Hybrid EV Batteries Consumption Market Share by Region (2019-2024)
Table 30. Global Hybrid EV Batteries Forecasted Consumption by Region (2025-2030) & (K Units)
Table 31. Global Hybrid EV Batteries Forecasted Consumption Market Share by Region (2019-2024)
Table 32. North America Hybrid EV Batteries Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (K Units)
Table 33. North America Hybrid EV Batteries Consumption by Country (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Table 34. North America Hybrid EV Batteries Consumption by Country (2025-2030) & (K Units)
Table 35. Europe Hybrid EV Batteries Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (K Units)
Table 36. Europe Hybrid EV Batteries Consumption by Country (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Table 37. Europe Hybrid EV Batteries Consumption by Country (2025-2030) & (K Units)
Table 38. Asia Pacific Hybrid EV Batteries Consumption Growth Rate by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (K Units)
Table 39. Asia Pacific Hybrid EV Batteries Consumption by Region (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Table 40. Asia Pacific Hybrid EV Batteries Consumption by Region (2025-2030) & (K Units)
Table 41. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Hybrid EV Batteries Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (K Units)
Table 42. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Hybrid EV Batteries Consumption by Country (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Table 43. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Hybrid EV Batteries Consumption by Country (2025-2030) & (K Units)
Table 44. Global Hybrid EV Batteries Production (K Units) by Type (2019-2024)
Table 45. Global Hybrid EV Batteries Production (K Units) by Type (2025-2030)
Table 46. Global Hybrid EV Batteries Production Market Share by Type (2019-2024)
Table 47. Global Hybrid EV Batteries Production Market Share by Type (2025-2030)
Table 48. Global Hybrid EV Batteries Production Value (US$ Million) by Type (2019-2024)
Table 49. Global Hybrid EV Batteries Production Value (US$ Million) by Type (2025-2030)
Table 50. Global Hybrid EV Batteries Production Value Share by Type (2019-2024)
Table 51. Global Hybrid EV Batteries Production Value Share by Type (2025-2030)
Table 52. Global Hybrid EV Batteries Price (USD/Unit) by Type (2019-2024)
Table 53. Global Hybrid EV Batteries Price (USD/Unit) by Type (2025-2030)
Table 54. Global Hybrid EV Batteries Production (K Units) by Application (2019-2024)
Table 55. Global Hybrid EV Batteries Production (K Units) by Application (2025-2030)
Table 56. Global Hybrid EV Batteries Production Market Share by Application (2019-2024)
Table 57. Global Hybrid EV Batteries Production Market Share by Application (2025-2030)
Table 58. Global Hybrid EV Batteries Production Value (US$ Million) by Application (2019-2024)
Table 59. Global Hybrid EV Batteries Production Value (US$ Million) by Application (2025-2030)
Table 60. Global Hybrid EV Batteries Production Value Share by Application (2019-2024)
Table 61. Global Hybrid EV Batteries Production Value Share by Application (2025-2030)
Table 62. Global Hybrid EV Batteries Price (USD/Unit) by Application (2019-2024)
Table 63. Global Hybrid EV Batteries Price (USD/Unit) by Application (2025-2030)
Table 64. Samsung SDI Hybrid EV Batteries Corporation Information
Table 65. Samsung SDI Specification and Application
Table 66. Samsung SDI Hybrid EV Batteries Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 67. Samsung SDI Main Business and Markets Served
Table 68. Samsung SDI Recent Developments/Updates
Table 69. Boston-Power Hybrid EV Batteries Corporation Information
Table 70. Boston-Power Specification and Application
Table 71. Boston-Power Hybrid EV Batteries Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 72. Boston-Power Main Business and Markets Served
Table 73. Boston-Power Recent Developments/Updates
Table 74. LG Hybrid EV Batteries Corporation Information
Table 75. LG Specification and Application
Table 76. LG Hybrid EV Batteries Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 77. LG Main Business and Markets Served
Table 78. LG Recent Developments/Updates
Table 79. Quallion Hybrid EV Batteries Corporation Information
Table 80. Quallion Specification and Application
Table 81. Quallion Hybrid EV Batteries Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 82. Quallion Main Business and Markets Served
Table 83. Quallion Recent Developments/Updates
Table 84. Nissan Hybrid EV Batteries Corporation Information
Table 85. Nissan Specification and Application
Table 86. Nissan Hybrid EV Batteries Production (K Units), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 87. Nissan Main Business and Markets Served
Table 88. Nissan Recent Developments/Updates
Table 89. Key Raw Materials Lists
Table 90. Raw Materials Key Suppliers Lists
Table 91. Hybrid EV Batteries Distributors List
Table 92. Hybrid EV Batteries Customers List
Table 93. Hybrid EV Batteries Market Trends
Table 94. Hybrid EV Batteries Market Drivers
Table 95. Hybrid EV Batteries Market Challenges
Table 96. Hybrid EV Batteries Market Restraints
Table 97. Research Programs/Design for This Report
Table 98. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table 99. Key Data Information from Primary Sources
List of Figures
Figure 1. Product Picture of Hybrid EV Batteries
Figure 2. Global Hybrid EV Batteries Market Value by Type, (US$ Million) & (2023 VS 2030)
Figure 3. Global Hybrid EV Batteries Market Share by Type: 2023 VS 2030
Figure 4. Nickel Metal Hydride Batteries Product Picture
Figure 5. Lead Acid Batteries Product Picture
Figure 6. Lithium Ion Cells Product Picture
Figure 7. Zebra Batteries Product Picture
Figure 8. Global Hybrid EV Batteries Market Value by Application, (US$ Million) & (2023 VS 2030)
Figure 9. Global Hybrid EV Batteries Market Share by Application: 2023 VS 2030
Figure 10. Rail Cars
Figure 11. Buses
Figure 12. Cars
Figure 13. Others
Figure 14. Global Hybrid EV Batteries Production Value (US$ Million), 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
Figure 15. Global Hybrid EV Batteries Production Value (US$ Million) & (2019-2030)
Figure 16. Global Hybrid EV Batteries Production (K Units) & (2019-2030)
Figure 17. Global Hybrid EV Batteries Average Price (USD/Unit) & (2019-2030)
Figure 18. Hybrid EV Batteries Report Years Considered
Figure 19. Hybrid EV Batteries Production Share by Manufacturers in 2023
Figure 20. Hybrid EV Batteries Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3): 2019 VS 2023
Figure 21. The Global 5 and 10 Largest Players: Market Share by Hybrid EV Batteries Revenue in 2023
Figure 22. Global Hybrid EV Batteries Production Value by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (US$ Million)
Figure 23. Global Hybrid EV Batteries Production Value Market Share by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
Figure 24. Global Hybrid EV Batteries Production Comparison by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (K Units)
Figure 25. Global Hybrid EV Batteries Production Market Share by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
Figure 26. North America Hybrid EV Batteries Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2019-2030)
Figure 27. Europe Hybrid EV Batteries Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2019-2030)
Figure 28. China Hybrid EV Batteries Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2019-2030)
Figure 29. Japan Hybrid EV Batteries Production Value (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2019-2030)
Figure 30. Global Hybrid EV Batteries Consumption by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030 (K Units)
Figure 31. Global Hybrid EV Batteries Consumption Market Share by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
Figure 32. North America Hybrid EV Batteries Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Figure 33. North America Hybrid EV Batteries Consumption Market Share by Country (2019-2030)
Figure 34. Canada Hybrid EV Batteries Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Figure 35. U.S. Hybrid EV Batteries Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Figure 36. Europe Hybrid EV Batteries Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Figure 37. Europe Hybrid EV Batteries Consumption Market Share by Country (2019-2030)
Figure 38. Germany Hybrid EV Batteries Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Figure 39. France Hybrid EV Batteries Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Figure 40. U.K. Hybrid EV Batteries Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Figure 41. Italy Hybrid EV Batteries Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Figure 42. Russia Hybrid EV Batteries Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Figure 43. Asia Pacific Hybrid EV Batteries Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Figure 44. Asia Pacific Hybrid EV Batteries Consumption Market Share by Regions (2019-2030)
Figure 45. China Hybrid EV Batteries Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Figure 46. Japan Hybrid EV Batteries Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Figure 47. South Korea Hybrid EV Batteries Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Figure 48. China Taiwan Hybrid EV Batteries Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Figure 49. Southeast Asia Hybrid EV Batteries Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Figure 50. India Hybrid EV Batteries Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Figure 51. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Hybrid EV Batteries Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Figure 52. Latin America, Middle East & Africa Hybrid EV Batteries Consumption Market Share by Country (2019-2030)
Figure 53. Mexico Hybrid EV Batteries Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Figure 54. Brazil Hybrid EV Batteries Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Figure 55. Turkey Hybrid EV Batteries Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Figure 56. GCC Countries Hybrid EV Batteries Consumption and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Figure 57. Global Production Market Share of Hybrid EV Batteries by Type (2019-2030)
Figure 58. Global Production Value Market Share of Hybrid EV Batteries by Type (2019-2030)
Figure 59. Global Hybrid EV Batteries Price (USD/Unit) by Type (2019-2030)
Figure 60. Global Production Market Share of Hybrid EV Batteries by Application (2019-2030)
Figure 61. Global Production Value Market Share of Hybrid EV Batteries by Application (2019-2030)
Figure 62. Global Hybrid EV Batteries Price (USD/Unit) by Application (2019-2030)
Figure 63. Hybrid EV Batteries Value Chain
Figure 64. Hybrid EV Batteries Production Process
Figure 65. Channels of Distribution (Direct Vs Distribution)
Figure 66. Distributors Profiles
Figure 67. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure 68. Data Triangulation