Index
1 Market Overview
1.1 Laundry Detergents Introduction
1.2 Market Analysis by Type
1.2.1 Overview: Global Laundry Detergents Revenue by Type: 2017 Versus 2021 Versus 2028
1.2.2 Liquid Detergents
1.2.3 Powder Detergents
1.2.4 Tablet Detergents
1.3 Market Analysis by Application
1.3.1 Overview: Global Laundry Detergents Revenue by Application: 2017 Versus 2021 Versus 2028
1.3.2 Household
1.3.3 Commercial
1.4 Global Laundry Detergents Market Size & Forecast
1.4.1 Global Laundry Detergents Sales in Value (2017 & 2021 & 2028)
1.4.2 Global Laundry Detergents Sales in Volume (2017-2028)
1.4.3 Global Laundry Detergents Price (2017-2028)
1.5 Global Laundry Detergents Production Capacity Analysis
1.5.1 Global Laundry Detergents Total Production Capacity (2017-2028)
1.5.2 Global Laundry Detergents Production Capacity by Geographic Region
1.6 Market Drivers, Restraints and Trends
1.6.1 Laundry Detergents Market Drivers
1.6.2 Laundry Detergents Market Restraints
1.6.3 Laundry Detergents Trends Analysis
2 Manufacturers Profiles
2.1 Ecover
2.1.1 Ecover Details
2.1.2 Ecover Major Business
2.1.3 Ecover Laundry Detergents Product and Services
2.1.4 Ecover Laundry Detergents Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
2.2 Novamex
2.2.1 Novamex Details
2.2.2 Novamex Major Business
2.2.3 Novamex Laundry Detergents Product and Services
2.2.4 Novamex Laundry Detergents Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
2.3 Sonett
2.3.1 Sonett Details
2.3.2 Sonett Major Business
2.3.3 Sonett Laundry Detergents Product and Services
2.3.4 Sonett Laundry Detergents Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
2.4 Alma Win
2.4.1 Alma Win Details
2.4.2 Alma Win Major Business
2.4.3 Alma Win Laundry Detergents Product and Services
2.4.4 Alma Win Laundry Detergents Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
2.5 Ecodoo
2.5.1 Ecodoo Details
2.5.2 Ecodoo Major Business
2.5.3 Ecodoo Laundry Detergents Product and Services
2.5.4 Ecodoo Laundry Detergents Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
2.6 SODASAN
2.6.1 SODASAN Details
2.6.2 SODASAN Major Business
2.6.3 SODASAN Laundry Detergents Product and Services
2.6.4 SODASAN Laundry Detergents Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
2.7 Frosch
2.7.1 Frosch Details
2.7.2 Frosch Major Business
2.7.3 Frosch Laundry Detergents Product and Services
2.7.4 Frosch Laundry Detergents Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
3 Laundry Detergents Breakdown Data by Manufacturer
3.1 Global Laundry Detergents Sales in Volume by Manufacturer (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
3.2 Global Laundry Detergents Revenue by Manufacturer (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
3.3 Key Manufacturer Market Position in Laundry Detergents
3.4 Market Concentration Rate
3.4.1 Top 3 Laundry Detergents Manufacturer Market Share in 2021
3.4.2 Top 6 Laundry Detergents Manufacturer Market Share in 2021
3.5 Global Laundry Detergents Production Capacity by Company: 2021 VS 2022
3.6 Manufacturer by Geography: Head Office and Laundry Detergents Production Site
3.7 New Entrant and Capacity Expansion Plans
3.8 Mergers & Acquisitions
4 Market Analysis by Region
4.1 Global Laundry Detergents Market Size by Region
4.1.1 Global Laundry Detergents Sales in Volume by Region (2017-2028)
4.1.2 Global Laundry Detergents Revenue by Region (2017-2028)
4.2 North America Laundry Detergents Revenue (2017-2028)
4.3 Europe Laundry Detergents Revenue (2017-2028)
4.4 Asia-Pacific Laundry Detergents Revenue (2017-2028)
4.5 South America Laundry Detergents Revenue (2017-2028)
4.6 Middle East and Africa Laundry Detergents Revenue (2017-2028)
5 Market Segment by Type
5.1 Global Laundry Detergents Sales in Volume by Type (2017-2028)
5.2 Global Laundry Detergents Revenue by Type (2017-2028)
5.3 Global Laundry Detergents Price by Type (2017-2028)
6 Market Segment by Application
6.1 Global Laundry Detergents Sales in Volume by Application (2017-2028)
6.2 Global Laundry Detergents Revenue by Application (2017-2028)
6.3 Global Laundry Detergents Price by Application (2017-2028)
7 North America by Country, by Type, and by Application
7.1 North America Laundry Detergents Sales by Type (2017-2028)
7.2 North America Laundry Detergents Sales by Application (2017-2028)
7.3 North America Laundry Detergents Market Size by Country
7.3.1 North America Laundry Detergents Sales in Volume by Country (2017-2028)
7.3.2 North America Laundry Detergents Revenue by Country (2017-2028)
7.3.3 United States Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
7.3.4 Canada Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
7.3.5 Mexico Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
8 Europe by Country, by Type, and by Application
8.1 Europe Laundry Detergents Sales by Type (2017-2028)
8.2 Europe Laundry Detergents Sales by Application (2017-2028)
8.3 Europe Laundry Detergents Market Size by Country
8.3.1 Europe Laundry Detergents Sales in Volume by Country (2017-2028)
8.3.2 Europe Laundry Detergents Revenue by Country (2017-2028)
8.3.3 Germany Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
8.3.4 France Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
8.3.5 United Kingdom Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
8.3.6 Russia Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
8.3.7 Italy Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
9 Asia-Pacific by Region, by Type, and by Application
9.1 Asia-Pacific Laundry Detergents Sales by Type (2017-2028)
9.2 Asia-Pacific Laundry Detergents Sales by Application (2017-2028)
9.3 Asia-Pacific Laundry Detergents Market Size by Region
9.3.1 Asia-Pacific Laundry Detergents Sales in Volume by Region (2017-2028)
9.3.2 Asia-Pacific Laundry Detergents Revenue by Region (2017-2028)
9.3.3 China Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
9.3.4 Japan Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
9.3.5 Korea Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
9.3.6 India Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
9.3.7 Southeast Asia Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
9.3.8 Australia Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
10 South America by Region, by Type, and by Application
10.1 South America Laundry Detergents Sales by Type (2017-2028)
10.2 South America Laundry Detergents Sales by Application (2017-2028)
10.3 South America Laundry Detergents Market Size by Country
10.3.1 South America Laundry Detergents Sales in Volume by Country (2017-2028)
10.3.2 South America Laundry Detergents Revenue by Country (2017-2028)
10.3.3 Brazil Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
10.3.4 Argentina Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
11 Middle East & Africa by Country, by Type, and by Application
11.1 Middle East & Africa Laundry Detergents Sales by Type (2017-2028)
11.2 Middle East & Africa Laundry Detergents Sales by Application (2017-2028)
11.3 Middle East & Africa Laundry Detergents Market Size by Country
11.3.1 Middle East & Africa Laundry Detergents Sales in Volume by Country (2017-2028)
11.3.2 Middle East & Africa Laundry Detergents Revenue by Country (2017-2028)
11.3.3 Turkey Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
11.3.4 Egypt Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
11.3.5 Saudi Arabia Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
11.3.6 South Africa Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
12 Raw Material and Industry Chain
12.1 Raw Material of Laundry Detergents and Key Manufacturers
12.2 Manufacturing Costs Percentage of Laundry Detergents
12.3 Laundry Detergents Production Process
12.4 Laundry Detergents Industrial Chain
13 Sales Channel, Distributors, Traders and Dealers
13.1 Sales Channel
13.1.1 Direct Marketing
13.1.2 Indirect Marketing
13.2 Laundry Detergents Typical Distributors
13.3 Laundry Detergents Typical Customers
14 Research Findings and Conclusion
15 Appendix
15.1 Methodology
15.2 Research Process and Data Source
15.3 Disclaimer
List of Tables
List of Tables
Table 1. Global Laundry Detergents Revenue by Type, (USD Million), 2017 & 2021 & 2028
Table 2. Global Laundry Detergents Revenue by Application, (USD Million), 2017 & 2021 & 2028
Table 3. Ecover Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 4. Ecover Major Business
Table 5. Ecover Laundry Detergents Product and Services
Table 6. Ecover Laundry Detergents Sales (K MT), Price (USD/MT), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
Table 7. Novamex Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 8. Novamex Major Business
Table 9. Novamex Laundry Detergents Product and Services
Table 10. Novamex Laundry Detergents Sales (K MT), Price (USD/MT), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
Table 11. Sonett Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 12. Sonett Major Business
Table 13. Sonett Laundry Detergents Product and Services
Table 14. Sonett Laundry Detergents Sales (K MT), Price (USD/MT), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
Table 15. Alma Win Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 16. Alma Win Major Business
Table 17. Alma Win Laundry Detergents Product and Services
Table 18. Alma Win Laundry Detergents Sales (K MT), Price (USD/MT), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
Table 19. Ecodoo Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 20. Ecodoo Major Business
Table 21. Ecodoo Laundry Detergents Product and Services
Table 22. Ecodoo Laundry Detergents Sales (K MT), Price (USD/MT), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
Table 23. SODASAN Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 24. SODASAN Major Business
Table 25. SODASAN Laundry Detergents Product and Services
Table 26. SODASAN Laundry Detergents Sales (K MT), Price (USD/MT), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
Table 27. Frosch Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 28. Frosch Major Business
Table 29. Frosch Laundry Detergents Product and Services
Table 30. Frosch Laundry Detergents Sales (K MT), Price (USD/MT), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
Table 31. Global Laundry Detergents Sales by Manufacturer (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022) & (K MT)
Table 32. Global Laundry Detergents Revenue by Manufacturer (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022) & (USD Million)
Table 33. Market Position of Manufacturers in Laundry Detergents, (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3), Based on Revenue in 2021
Table 34. Global Laundry Detergents Production Capacity by Company, (K MT): 2020 VS 2021
Table 35. Head Office and Laundry Detergents Production Site of Key Manufacturer
Table 36. Laundry Detergents New Entrant and Capacity Expansion Plans
Table 37. Laundry Detergents Mergers & Acquisitions in the Past Five Years
Table 38. Global Laundry Detergents Sales by Region (2017-2022) & (K MT)
Table 39. Global Laundry Detergents Sales by Region (2023-2028) & (K MT)
Table 40. Global Laundry Detergents Revenue by Region (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 41. Global Laundry Detergents Revenue by Region (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 42. Global Laundry Detergents Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (K MT)
Table 43. Global Laundry Detergents Sales by Type (2023-2028) & (K MT)
Table 44. Global Laundry Detergents Revenue by Type (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 45. Global Laundry Detergents Revenue by Type (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 46. Global Laundry Detergents Price by Type (2017-2022) & (USD/MT)
Table 47. Global Laundry Detergents Price by Type (2023-2028) & (USD/MT)
Table 48. Global Laundry Detergents Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (K MT)
Table 49. Global Laundry Detergents Sales by Application (2023-2028) & (K MT)
Table 50. Global Laundry Detergents Revenue by Application (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 51. Global Laundry Detergents Revenue by Application (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 52. Global Laundry Detergents Price by Application (2017-2022) & (USD/MT)
Table 53. Global Laundry Detergents Price by Application (2023-2028) & (USD/MT)
Table 54. North America Laundry Detergents Sales by Country (2017-2022) & (K MT)
Table 55. North America Laundry Detergents Sales by Country (2023-2028) & (K MT)
Table 56. North America Laundry Detergents Revenue by Country (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 57. North America Laundry Detergents Revenue by Country (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 58. North America Laundry Detergents Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (K MT)
Table 59. North America Laundry Detergents Sales by Type (2023-2028) & (K MT)
Table 60. North America Laundry Detergents Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (K MT)
Table 61. North America Laundry Detergents Sales by Application (2023-2028) & (K MT)
Table 62. Europe Laundry Detergents Sales by Country (2017-2022) & (K MT)
Table 63. Europe Laundry Detergents Sales by Country (2023-2028) & (K MT)
Table 64. Europe Laundry Detergents Revenue by Country (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 65. Europe Laundry Detergents Revenue by Country (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 66. Europe Laundry Detergents Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (K MT)
Table 67. Europe Laundry Detergents Sales by Type (2023-2028) & (K MT)
Table 68. Europe Laundry Detergents Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (K MT)
Table 69. Europe Laundry Detergents Sales by Application (2023-2028) & (K MT)
Table 70. Asia-Pacific Laundry Detergents Sales by Region (2017-2022) & (K MT)
Table 71. Asia-Pacific Laundry Detergents Sales by Region (2023-2028) & (K MT)
Table 72. Asia-Pacific Laundry Detergents Revenue by Region (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 73. Asia-Pacific Laundry Detergents Revenue by Region (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 74. Asia-Pacific Laundry Detergents Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (K MT)
Table 75. Asia-Pacific Laundry Detergents Sales by Type (2023-2028) & (K MT)
Table 76. Asia-Pacific Laundry Detergents Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (K MT)
Table 77. Asia-Pacific Laundry Detergents Sales by Application (2023-2028) & (K MT)
Table 78. South America Laundry Detergents Sales by Country (2017-2022) & (K MT)
Table 79. South America Laundry Detergents Sales by Country (2023-2028) & (K MT)
Table 80. South America Laundry Detergents Revenue by Country (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 81. South America Laundry Detergents Revenue by Country (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 82. South America Laundry Detergents Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (K MT)
Table 83. South America Laundry Detergents Sales by Type (2023-2028) & (K MT)
Table 84. South America Laundry Detergents Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (K MT)
Table 85. South America Laundry Detergents Sales by Application (2023-2028) & (K MT)
Table 86. Middle East & Africa Laundry Detergents Sales by Region (2017-2022) & (K MT)
Table 87. Middle East & Africa Laundry Detergents Sales by Region (2023-2028) & (K MT)
Table 88. Middle East & Africa Laundry Detergents Revenue by Region (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 89. Middle East & Africa Laundry Detergents Revenue by Region (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 90. Middle East & Africa Laundry Detergents Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (K MT)
Table 91. Middle East & Africa Laundry Detergents Sales by Type (2023-2028) & (K MT)
Table 92. Middle East & Africa Laundry Detergents Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (K MT)
Table 93. Middle East & Africa Laundry Detergents Sales by Application (2023-2028) & (K MT)
Table 94. Laundry Detergents Raw Material
Table 95. Key Manufacturers of Laundry Detergents Raw Materials
Table 96. Direct Channel Pros & Cons
Table 97. Indirect Channel Pros & Cons
Table 98. Laundry Detergents Typical Distributors
Table 99. Laundry Detergents Typical Customers
List of Figures
Figure 1. Laundry Detergents Picture
Figure 2. Global Laundry Detergents Revenue Market Share by Type in 2021
Figure 3. Liquid Detergents
Figure 4. Powder Detergents
Figure 5. Tablet Detergents
Figure 6. Global Laundry Detergents Revenue Market Share by Application in 2021
Figure 7. Household
Figure 8. Commercial
Figure 9. Global Laundry Detergents Revenue, (USD Million) & (K MT): 2017 & 2021 & 2028
Figure 10. Global Laundry Detergents Revenue and Forecast (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 11. Global Laundry Detergents Sales (2017-2028) & (K MT)
Figure 12. Global Laundry Detergents Price (2017-2028) & (USD/MT)
Figure 13. Global Laundry Detergents Production Capacity (2017-2028) & (K MT)
Figure 14. Global Laundry Detergents Production Capacity by Geographic Region: 2022 VS 2028
Figure 15. Laundry Detergents Market Drivers
Figure 16. Laundry Detergents Market Restraints
Figure 17. Laundry Detergents Market Trends
Figure 18. Global Laundry Detergents Sales Market Share by Manufacturer in 2021
Figure 19. Global Laundry Detergents Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2021
Figure 20. Laundry Detergents Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) in 2021
Figure 21. Top 3 Laundry Detergents Manufacturer (Revenue) Market Share in 2021
Figure 22. Top 6 Laundry Detergents Manufacturer (Revenue) Market Share in 2021
Figure 23. Global Laundry Detergents Sales Market Share by Region (2017-2028)
Figure 24. Global Laundry Detergents Revenue Market Share by Region (2017-2028)
Figure 25. North America Laundry Detergents Revenue (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 26. Europe Laundry Detergents Revenue (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 27. Asia-Pacific Laundry Detergents Revenue (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 28. South America Laundry Detergents Revenue (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 29. Middle East & Africa Laundry Detergents Revenue (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 30. Global Laundry Detergents Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 31. Global Laundry Detergents Revenue Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 32. Global Laundry Detergents Price by Type (2017-2028) & (USD/MT)
Figure 33. Global Laundry Detergents Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 34. Global Laundry Detergents Revenue Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 35. Global Laundry Detergents Price by Application (2017-2028) & (USD/MT)
Figure 36. North America Laundry Detergents Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 37. North America Laundry Detergents Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 38. North America Laundry Detergents Sales Market Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 39. North America Laundry Detergents Revenue Market Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 40. United States Laundry Detergents Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 41. Canada Laundry Detergents Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 42. Mexico Laundry Detergents Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 43. Europe Laundry Detergents Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 44. Europe Laundry Detergents Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 45. Europe Laundry Detergents Sales Market Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 46. Europe Laundry Detergents Revenue Market Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 47. Germany Laundry Detergents Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 48. France Laundry Detergents Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 49. United Kingdom Laundry Detergents Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 50. Russia Laundry Detergents Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 51. Italy Laundry Detergents Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 52. Asia-Pacific Laundry Detergents Sales Market Share by Region (2017-2028)
Figure 53. Asia-Pacific Laundry Detergents Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 54. Asia-Pacific Laundry Detergents Sales Market Share by Region (2017-2028)
Figure 55. Asia-Pacific Laundry Detergents Revenue Market Share by Region (2017-2028)
Figure 56. China Laundry Detergents Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 57. Japan Laundry Detergents Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 58. Korea Laundry Detergents Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 59. India Laundry Detergents Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 60. Southeast Asia Laundry Detergents Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 61. Australia Laundry Detergents Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 62. South America Laundry Detergents Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 63. South America Laundry Detergents Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 64. South America Laundry Detergents Sales Market Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 65. South America Laundry Detergents Revenue Market Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 66. Brazil Laundry Detergents Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 67. Argentina Laundry Detergents Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 68. Middle East & Africa Laundry Detergents Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 69. Middle East & Africa Laundry Detergents Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 70. Middle East & Africa Laundry Detergents Sales Market Share by Region (2017-2028)
Figure 71. Middle East & Africa Laundry Detergents Revenue Market Share by Region (2017-2028)
Figure 72. Turkey Laundry Detergents Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 73. Egypt Laundry Detergents Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 74. Saudi Arabia Laundry Detergents Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 75. South Africa Laundry Detergents Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 76. Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Laundry Detergents in 2021
Figure 77. Manufacturing Process Analysis of Laundry Detergents
Figure 78. Laundry Detergents Industrial Chain
Figure 79. Sales Channel: Direct Channel vs Indirect Channel
Figure 80. Methodology
Figure 81. Research Process and Data Source