Index
1 Market Overview
1.1 Pocket Flask Introduction
1.2 Market Analysis by Type
1.2.1 Overview: Global Pocket Flask Revenue by Type: 2017 Versus 2021 Versus 2028
1.2.2 Metal
1.2.3 Glass
1.3 Market Analysis by Application
1.3.1 Overview: Global Pocket Flask Revenue by Application: 2017 Versus 2021 Versus 2028
1.3.2 Individual
1.3.3 Commercial
1.4 Global Pocket Flask Market Size & Forecast
1.4.1 Global Pocket Flask Sales in Value (2017 & 2021 & 2028)
1.4.2 Global Pocket Flask Sales in Volume (2017-2028)
1.4.3 Global Pocket Flask Price (2017-2028)
1.5 Global Pocket Flask Production Capacity Analysis
1.5.1 Global Pocket Flask Total Production Capacity (2017-2028)
1.5.2 Global Pocket Flask Production Capacity by Geographic Region
1.6 Market Drivers, Restraints and Trends
1.6.1 Pocket Flask Market Drivers
1.6.2 Pocket Flask Market Restraints
1.6.3 Pocket Flask Trends Analysis
2 Manufacturers Profiles
2.1 Himalyan Equipment Manufacturing Co.
2.1.1 Himalyan Equipment Manufacturing Co. Details
2.1.2 Himalyan Equipment Manufacturing Co. Major Business
2.1.3 Himalyan Equipment Manufacturing Co. Pocket Flask Product and Services
2.1.4 Himalyan Equipment Manufacturing Co. Pocket Flask Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
2.2 English Pewter Company
2.2.1 English Pewter Company Details
2.2.2 English Pewter Company Major Business
2.2.3 English Pewter Company Pocket Flask Product and Services
2.2.4 English Pewter Company Pocket Flask Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
2.3 Jacob Bromwell
2.3.1 Jacob Bromwell Details
2.3.2 Jacob Bromwell Major Business
2.3.3 Jacob Bromwell Pocket Flask Product and Services
2.3.4 Jacob Bromwell Pocket Flask Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
2.4 Wentworth Pewter
2.4.1 Wentworth Pewter Details
2.4.2 Wentworth Pewter Major Business
2.4.3 Wentworth Pewter Pocket Flask Product and Services
2.4.4 Wentworth Pewter Pocket Flask Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
2.5 Aspinal of London
2.5.1 Aspinal of London Details
2.5.2 Aspinal of London Major Business
2.5.3 Aspinal of London Pocket Flask Product and Services
2.5.4 Aspinal of London Pocket Flask Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
2.6 Barbour
2.6.1 Barbour Details
2.6.2 Barbour Major Business
2.6.3 Barbour Pocket Flask Product and Services
2.6.4 Barbour Pocket Flask Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
2.7 Filson
2.7.1 Filson Details
2.7.2 Filson Major Business
2.7.3 Filson Pocket Flask Product and Services
2.7.4 Filson Pocket Flask Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
3 Pocket Flask Breakdown Data by Manufacturer
3.1 Global Pocket Flask Sales in Volume by Manufacturer (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
3.2 Global Pocket Flask Revenue by Manufacturer (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
3.3 Key Manufacturer Market Position in Pocket Flask
3.4 Market Concentration Rate
3.4.1 Top 3 Pocket Flask Manufacturer Market Share in 2021
3.4.2 Top 6 Pocket Flask Manufacturer Market Share in 2021
3.5 Global Pocket Flask Production Capacity by Company: 2021 VS 2022
3.6 Manufacturer by Geography: Head Office and Pocket Flask Production Site
3.7 New Entrant and Capacity Expansion Plans
3.8 Mergers & Acquisitions
4 Market Analysis by Region
4.1 Global Pocket Flask Market Size by Region
4.1.1 Global Pocket Flask Sales in Volume by Region (2017-2028)
4.1.2 Global Pocket Flask Revenue by Region (2017-2028)
4.2 North America Pocket Flask Revenue (2017-2028)
4.3 Europe Pocket Flask Revenue (2017-2028)
4.4 Asia-Pacific Pocket Flask Revenue (2017-2028)
4.5 South America Pocket Flask Revenue (2017-2028)
4.6 Middle East and Africa Pocket Flask Revenue (2017-2028)
5 Market Segment by Type
5.1 Global Pocket Flask Sales in Volume by Type (2017-2028)
5.2 Global Pocket Flask Revenue by Type (2017-2028)
5.3 Global Pocket Flask Price by Type (2017-2028)
6 Market Segment by Application
6.1 Global Pocket Flask Sales in Volume by Application (2017-2028)
6.2 Global Pocket Flask Revenue by Application (2017-2028)
6.3 Global Pocket Flask Price by Application (2017-2028)
7 North America by Country, by Type, and by Application
7.1 North America Pocket Flask Sales by Type (2017-2028)
7.2 North America Pocket Flask Sales by Application (2017-2028)
7.3 North America Pocket Flask Market Size by Country
7.3.1 North America Pocket Flask Sales in Volume by Country (2017-2028)
7.3.2 North America Pocket Flask Revenue by Country (2017-2028)
7.3.3 United States Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
7.3.4 Canada Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
7.3.5 Mexico Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
8 Europe by Country, by Type, and by Application
8.1 Europe Pocket Flask Sales by Type (2017-2028)
8.2 Europe Pocket Flask Sales by Application (2017-2028)
8.3 Europe Pocket Flask Market Size by Country
8.3.1 Europe Pocket Flask Sales in Volume by Country (2017-2028)
8.3.2 Europe Pocket Flask Revenue by Country (2017-2028)
8.3.3 Germany Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
8.3.4 France Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
8.3.5 United Kingdom Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
8.3.6 Russia Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
8.3.7 Italy Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
9 Asia-Pacific by Region, by Type, and by Application
9.1 Asia-Pacific Pocket Flask Sales by Type (2017-2028)
9.2 Asia-Pacific Pocket Flask Sales by Application (2017-2028)
9.3 Asia-Pacific Pocket Flask Market Size by Region
9.3.1 Asia-Pacific Pocket Flask Sales in Volume by Region (2017-2028)
9.3.2 Asia-Pacific Pocket Flask Revenue by Region (2017-2028)
9.3.3 China Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
9.3.4 Japan Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
9.3.5 Korea Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
9.3.6 India Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
9.3.7 Southeast Asia Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
9.3.8 Australia Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
10 South America by Region, by Type, and by Application
10.1 South America Pocket Flask Sales by Type (2017-2028)
10.2 South America Pocket Flask Sales by Application (2017-2028)
10.3 South America Pocket Flask Market Size by Country
10.3.1 South America Pocket Flask Sales in Volume by Country (2017-2028)
10.3.2 South America Pocket Flask Revenue by Country (2017-2028)
10.3.3 Brazil Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
10.3.4 Argentina Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
11 Middle East & Africa by Country, by Type, and by Application
11.1 Middle East & Africa Pocket Flask Sales by Type (2017-2028)
11.2 Middle East & Africa Pocket Flask Sales by Application (2017-2028)
11.3 Middle East & Africa Pocket Flask Market Size by Country
11.3.1 Middle East & Africa Pocket Flask Sales in Volume by Country (2017-2028)
11.3.2 Middle East & Africa Pocket Flask Revenue by Country (2017-2028)
11.3.3 Turkey Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
11.3.4 Egypt Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
11.3.5 Saudi Arabia Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
11.3.6 South Africa Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
12 Raw Material and Industry Chain
12.1 Raw Material of Pocket Flask and Key Manufacturers
12.2 Manufacturing Costs Percentage of Pocket Flask
12.3 Pocket Flask Production Process
12.4 Pocket Flask Industrial Chain
13 Sales Channel, Distributors, Traders and Dealers
13.1 Sales Channel
13.1.1 Direct Marketing
13.1.2 Indirect Marketing
13.2 Pocket Flask Typical Distributors
13.3 Pocket Flask Typical Customers
14 Research Findings and Conclusion
15 Appendix
15.1 Methodology
15.2 Research Process and Data Source
15.3 Disclaimer
List of Tables
List of Tables
Table 1. Global Pocket Flask Revenue by Type, (USD Million), 2017 & 2021 & 2028
Table 2. Global Pocket Flask Revenue by Application, (USD Million), 2017 & 2021 & 2028
Table 3. Himalyan Equipment Manufacturing Co. Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 4. Himalyan Equipment Manufacturing Co. Major Business
Table 5. Himalyan Equipment Manufacturing Co. Pocket Flask Product and Services
Table 6. Himalyan Equipment Manufacturing Co. Pocket Flask Sales (K Units), Price (US$/Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
Table 7. English Pewter Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 8. English Pewter Company Major Business
Table 9. English Pewter Company Pocket Flask Product and Services
Table 10. English Pewter Company Pocket Flask Sales (K Units), Price (US$/Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
Table 11. Jacob Bromwell Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 12. Jacob Bromwell Major Business
Table 13. Jacob Bromwell Pocket Flask Product and Services
Table 14. Jacob Bromwell Pocket Flask Sales (K Units), Price (US$/Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
Table 15. Wentworth Pewter Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 16. Wentworth Pewter Major Business
Table 17. Wentworth Pewter Pocket Flask Product and Services
Table 18. Wentworth Pewter Pocket Flask Sales (K Units), Price (US$/Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
Table 19. Aspinal of London Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 20. Aspinal of London Major Business
Table 21. Aspinal of London Pocket Flask Product and Services
Table 22. Aspinal of London Pocket Flask Sales (K Units), Price (US$/Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
Table 23. Barbour Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 24. Barbour Major Business
Table 25. Barbour Pocket Flask Product and Services
Table 26. Barbour Pocket Flask Sales (K Units), Price (US$/Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
Table 27. Filson Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 28. Filson Major Business
Table 29. Filson Pocket Flask Product and Services
Table 30. Filson Pocket Flask Sales (K Units), Price (US$/Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
Table 31. Global Pocket Flask Sales by Manufacturer (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022) & (K Units)
Table 32. Global Pocket Flask Revenue by Manufacturer (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022) & (USD Million)
Table 33. Market Position of Manufacturers in Pocket Flask, (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3), Based on Revenue in 2021
Table 34. Global Pocket Flask Production Capacity by Company, (K Units): 2020 VS 2021
Table 35. Head Office and Pocket Flask Production Site of Key Manufacturer
Table 36. Pocket Flask New Entrant and Capacity Expansion Plans
Table 37. Pocket Flask Mergers & Acquisitions in the Past Five Years
Table 38. Global Pocket Flask Sales by Region (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 39. Global Pocket Flask Sales by Region (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 40. Global Pocket Flask Revenue by Region (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 41. Global Pocket Flask Revenue by Region (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 42. Global Pocket Flask Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 43. Global Pocket Flask Sales by Type (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 44. Global Pocket Flask Revenue by Type (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 45. Global Pocket Flask Revenue by Type (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 46. Global Pocket Flask Price by Type (2017-2022) & (US$/Unit)
Table 47. Global Pocket Flask Price by Type (2023-2028) & (US$/Unit)
Table 48. Global Pocket Flask Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 49. Global Pocket Flask Sales by Application (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 50. Global Pocket Flask Revenue by Application (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 51. Global Pocket Flask Revenue by Application (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 52. Global Pocket Flask Price by Application (2017-2022) & (US$/Unit)
Table 53. Global Pocket Flask Price by Application (2023-2028) & (US$/Unit)
Table 54. North America Pocket Flask Sales by Country (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 55. North America Pocket Flask Sales by Country (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 56. North America Pocket Flask Revenue by Country (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 57. North America Pocket Flask Revenue by Country (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 58. North America Pocket Flask Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 59. North America Pocket Flask Sales by Type (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 60. North America Pocket Flask Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 61. North America Pocket Flask Sales by Application (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 62. Europe Pocket Flask Sales by Country (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 63. Europe Pocket Flask Sales by Country (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 64. Europe Pocket Flask Revenue by Country (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 65. Europe Pocket Flask Revenue by Country (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 66. Europe Pocket Flask Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 67. Europe Pocket Flask Sales by Type (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 68. Europe Pocket Flask Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 69. Europe Pocket Flask Sales by Application (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 70. Asia-Pacific Pocket Flask Sales by Region (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 71. Asia-Pacific Pocket Flask Sales by Region (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 72. Asia-Pacific Pocket Flask Revenue by Region (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 73. Asia-Pacific Pocket Flask Revenue by Region (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 74. Asia-Pacific Pocket Flask Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 75. Asia-Pacific Pocket Flask Sales by Type (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 76. Asia-Pacific Pocket Flask Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 77. Asia-Pacific Pocket Flask Sales by Application (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 78. South America Pocket Flask Sales by Country (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 79. South America Pocket Flask Sales by Country (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 80. South America Pocket Flask Revenue by Country (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 81. South America Pocket Flask Revenue by Country (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 82. South America Pocket Flask Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 83. South America Pocket Flask Sales by Type (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 84. South America Pocket Flask Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 85. South America Pocket Flask Sales by Application (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 86. Middle East & Africa Pocket Flask Sales by Region (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 87. Middle East & Africa Pocket Flask Sales by Region (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 88. Middle East & Africa Pocket Flask Revenue by Region (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 89. Middle East & Africa Pocket Flask Revenue by Region (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 90. Middle East & Africa Pocket Flask Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 91. Middle East & Africa Pocket Flask Sales by Type (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 92. Middle East & Africa Pocket Flask Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 93. Middle East & Africa Pocket Flask Sales by Application (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 94. Pocket Flask Raw Material
Table 95. Key Manufacturers of Pocket Flask Raw Materials
Table 96. Direct Channel Pros & Cons
Table 97. Indirect Channel Pros & Cons
Table 98. Pocket Flask Typical Distributors
Table 99. Pocket Flask Typical Customers
List of Figures
Figure 1. Pocket Flask Picture
Figure 2. Global Pocket Flask Revenue Market Share by Type in 2021
Figure 3. Metal
Figure 4. Glass
Figure 5. Global Pocket Flask Revenue Market Share by Application in 2021
Figure 6. Individual
Figure 7. Commercial
Figure 8. Global Pocket Flask Revenue, (USD Million) & (K Units): 2017 & 2021 & 2028
Figure 9. Global Pocket Flask Revenue and Forecast (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 10. Global Pocket Flask Sales (2017-2028) & (K Units)
Figure 11. Global Pocket Flask Price (2017-2028) & (US$/Unit)
Figure 12. Global Pocket Flask Production Capacity (2017-2028) & (K Units)
Figure 13. Global Pocket Flask Production Capacity by Geographic Region: 2022 VS 2028
Figure 14. Pocket Flask Market Drivers
Figure 15. Pocket Flask Market Restraints
Figure 16. Pocket Flask Market Trends
Figure 17. Global Pocket Flask Sales Market Share by Manufacturer in 2021
Figure 18. Global Pocket Flask Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2021
Figure 19. Pocket Flask Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) in 2021
Figure 20. Top 3 Pocket Flask Manufacturer (Revenue) Market Share in 2021
Figure 21. Top 6 Pocket Flask Manufacturer (Revenue) Market Share in 2021
Figure 22. Global Pocket Flask Sales Market Share by Region (2017-2028)
Figure 23. Global Pocket Flask Revenue Market Share by Region (2017-2028)
Figure 24. North America Pocket Flask Revenue (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 25. Europe Pocket Flask Revenue (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 26. Asia-Pacific Pocket Flask Revenue (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 27. South America Pocket Flask Revenue (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 28. Middle East & Africa Pocket Flask Revenue (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 29. Global Pocket Flask Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 30. Global Pocket Flask Revenue Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 31. Global Pocket Flask Price by Type (2017-2028) & (US$/Unit)
Figure 32. Global Pocket Flask Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 33. Global Pocket Flask Revenue Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 34. Global Pocket Flask Price by Application (2017-2028) & (US$/Unit)
Figure 35. North America Pocket Flask Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 36. North America Pocket Flask Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 37. North America Pocket Flask Sales Market Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 38. North America Pocket Flask Revenue Market Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 39. United States Pocket Flask Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 40. Canada Pocket Flask Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 41. Mexico Pocket Flask Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 42. Europe Pocket Flask Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 43. Europe Pocket Flask Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 44. Europe Pocket Flask Sales Market Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 45. Europe Pocket Flask Revenue Market Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 46. Germany Pocket Flask Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 47. France Pocket Flask Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 48. United Kingdom Pocket Flask Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 49. Russia Pocket Flask Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 50. Italy Pocket Flask Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 51. Asia-Pacific Pocket Flask Sales Market Share by Region (2017-2028)
Figure 52. Asia-Pacific Pocket Flask Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 53. Asia-Pacific Pocket Flask Sales Market Share by Region (2017-2028)
Figure 54. Asia-Pacific Pocket Flask Revenue Market Share by Region (2017-2028)
Figure 55. China Pocket Flask Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 56. Japan Pocket Flask Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 57. Korea Pocket Flask Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 58. India Pocket Flask Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 59. Southeast Asia Pocket Flask Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 60. Australia Pocket Flask Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 61. South America Pocket Flask Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 62. South America Pocket Flask Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 63. South America Pocket Flask Sales Market Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 64. South America Pocket Flask Revenue Market Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 65. Brazil Pocket Flask Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 66. Argentina Pocket Flask Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 67. Middle East & Africa Pocket Flask Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 68. Middle East & Africa Pocket Flask Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 69. Middle East & Africa Pocket Flask Sales Market Share by Region (2017-2028)
Figure 70. Middle East & Africa Pocket Flask Revenue Market Share by Region (2017-2028)
Figure 71. Turkey Pocket Flask Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 72. Egypt Pocket Flask Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 73. Saudi Arabia Pocket Flask Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 74. South Africa Pocket Flask Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 75. Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Pocket Flask in 2021
Figure 76. Manufacturing Process Analysis of Pocket Flask
Figure 77. Pocket Flask Industrial Chain
Figure 78. Sales Channel: Direct Channel vs Indirect Channel
Figure 79. Methodology
Figure 80. Research Process and Data Source