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Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS)-Global Market Insights and Sales Trends 2025
Synopsis
Vagal nerve stimulation or vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a treatment method that involves delivering electrical impulses to the vagus nerve. Vegas nerve acts as a translator between gut and brain. Gut uses the vagus nerve like a walkie-talkie and translates signals via electric impulses, which called action potentials. VNS treatment is used for certain types of intractable epilepsy, depression, and others. In most common cases, overstimulation of the vagus nerve causes fainting. Vagus nerve stimulation is a procedure, which involves implantation of a device that stimulates the vagus nerve with electrical impulses. This device is normally implanted under the skin below the patient’s clavicle. Lead wires from the generator are excavated up to the patient’s neck and wrapped around the left vagus nerve at the carotid sheath, where it delivers electrical impulses to the nerve. After successfully implanted, the generator sends electric impulses to the vagus nerve at a regular intervals.
The global Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) market size is expected to reach US$ million by 2029, growing at a CAGR of % from 2023 to 2029. The market is mainly driven by the significant applications of Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) in various end use industries. The expanding demands from the Hospitals, Ambulatory Surgical Centers and Others,, are propelling Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) market. Implantable VNS Devices, one of the segments analysed in this report, is projected to record % CAGR and reach US$ million by the end of the analysis period. Growth in the External VNS Devices segment is estimated at % CAGR for the next seven-year period.
Increasing prevalence of neurological disorders, increasing investment of biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries in R&D, and rising need for the better treatment methods drives the growth of the market. Moreover, favorable reimbursement policies, increased application and significant investments in development of new technologies for the treatment of epilepsy, and other cardiac indications will fuel the market growth during the forecast period.
Report Objectives
This report provides market insight on the different segments, by manufacturers, by Type, by Application. Market size and forecast (2018-2029) has been provided in the report. The primary objectives of this report are to provide 1) global market size and forecasts, growth rates, market dynamics, industry structure and developments, market situation, trends; 2) global market share and ranking by company; 3) comprehensive presentation of the global market for Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS), with both quantitative and qualitative analysis through detailed segmentation; 4) detailed value chain analysis and review of growth factors essential for the existing market players and new entrants; 5) emerging opportunities in the market and the future impact of major drivers and restraints of the market.
Key Features of The Study:
This report provides in-depth analysis of the global Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) market, and provides market size (US$ million) and CAGR for the forecast period (2023-2029), considering 2022 as the base year.
This report profiles key players in the global Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) market based on the following parameters - company details (found date, headquarters, manufacturing bases), products portfolio, Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) sales data, market share and ranking.
This report elucidates potential market opportunities across different segments and explains attractive investment proposition matrices for this market.
This report illustrates key insights about market drivers, restraints, opportunities, market trends, regional outlook.
Key companies of Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) covered in this report include LivaNova, ReShape Lifesciences, ElectroCore Medical, Boston Scientific, Cyberonics, NeuroMetrix, ImThera Medical and Inspire Medical Systems, etc.
The global Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) market report caters to various stakeholders in this industry including investors, suppliers, product manufacturers, distributors, new entrants, and financial analysts.
Market Segmentation
Company Profiles:
LivaNova
ReShape Lifesciences
ElectroCore Medical
Boston Scientific
Cyberonics
NeuroMetrix
ImThera Medical
Inspire Medical Systems
Global Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) market, by region:
North America (U.S., Canada, Mexico)
Europe (Germany, France, UK, Italy, etc.)
Asia Pacific (China, Japan, South Korea, Southeast Asia, India, etc.)
South America (Brazil, etc.)
Middle East and Africa (Turkey, GCC Countries, Africa, etc.)
Global Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) market, Segment by Type:
Implantable VNS Devices
External VNS Devices
Others
Global Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) market, by Application
Hospitals
Ambulatory Surgical Centers
Others
Core Chapters
Chapter One: Introduces the study scope of this report, executive summary of market segments by Type, market size segments for North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, South America, Middle East & Africa.
Chapter Two: Detailed analysis of Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) manufacturers competitive landscape, price, sales, revenue, market share and ranking, latest development plan, merger, and acquisition information, etc.
Chapter Three: Sales, revenue of Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) in regional level. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and introduces the future development prospects, and market space in the world.
Chapter Four: Introduces market segments by Application, market size segment for North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, South America, Middle East & Africa.
Chapter Five, Six, Seven, Eight and Nine: North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, South America, Middle East & Africa, sales and revenue by country.
Chapter Ten: Provides profiles of key players, introducing the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product sales, revenue, price, gross margin, product introduction, recent development, etc.
Chapter Eleven: Analysis of industrial chain, key raw materials, manufacturing cost, and market dynamics. Introduces the market dynamics, latest developments of the market, the driving factors and restrictive factors of the market, the challenges and risks faced by manufacturers in the industry, and the analysis of relevant policies in the industry.
Chapter Twelve: Analysis of sales channel, distributors and customers.
Chapter Thirteen: Research Findings and Conclusion.
Vagal nerve stimulation or vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a treatment method that involves delivering electrical impulses to the vagus nerve. Vegas nerve acts as a translator between gut and brain. Gut uses the vagus nerve like a walkie-talkie and translates signals via electric impulses, which called action potentials. VNS treatment is used for certain types of intractable epilepsy, depression, and others. In most common cases, overstimulation of the vagus nerve causes fainting. Vagus nerve stimulation is a procedure, which involves implantation of a device that stimulates the vagus nerve with electrical impulses. This device is normally implanted under the skin below the patient’s clavicle. Lead wires from the generator are excavated up to the patient’s neck and wrapped around the left vagus nerve at the carotid sheath, where it delivers electrical impulses to the nerve. After successfully implanted, the generator sends electric impulses to the vagus nerve at a regular intervals.
The global Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) market size is expected to reach US$ million by 2029, growing at a CAGR of % from 2023 to 2029. The market is mainly driven by the significant applications of Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) in various end use industries. The expanding demands from the Hospitals, Ambulatory Surgical Centers and Others,, are propelling Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) market. Implantable VNS Devices, one of the segments analysed in this report, is projected to record % CAGR and reach US$ million by the end of the analysis period. Growth in the External VNS Devices segment is estimated at % CAGR for the next seven-year period.
Increasing prevalence of neurological disorders, increasing investment of biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries in R&D, and rising need for the better treatment methods drives the growth of the market. Moreover, favorable reimbursement policies, increased application and significant investments in development of new technologies for the treatment of epilepsy, and other cardiac indications will fuel the market growth during the forecast period.
Report Objectives
This report provides market insight on the different segments, by manufacturers, by Type, by Application. Market size and forecast (2018-2029) has been provided in the report. The primary objectives of this report are to provide 1) global market size and forecasts, growth rates, market dynamics, industry structure and developments, market situation, trends; 2) global market share and ranking by company; 3) comprehensive presentation of the global market for Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS), with both quantitative and qualitative analysis through detailed segmentation; 4) detailed value chain analysis and review of growth factors essential for the existing market players and new entrants; 5) emerging opportunities in the market and the future impact of major drivers and restraints of the market.
Key Features of The Study:
This report provides in-depth analysis of the global Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) market, and provides market size (US$ million) and CAGR for the forecast period (2023-2029), considering 2022 as the base year.
This report profiles key players in the global Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) market based on the following parameters - company details (found date, headquarters, manufacturing bases), products portfolio, Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) sales data, market share and ranking.
This report elucidates potential market opportunities across different segments and explains attractive investment proposition matrices for this market.
This report illustrates key insights about market drivers, restraints, opportunities, market trends, regional outlook.
Key companies of Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) covered in this report include LivaNova, ReShape Lifesciences, ElectroCore Medical, Boston Scientific, Cyberonics, NeuroMetrix, ImThera Medical and Inspire Medical Systems, etc.
The global Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) market report caters to various stakeholders in this industry including investors, suppliers, product manufacturers, distributors, new entrants, and financial analysts.
Market Segmentation
Company Profiles:
LivaNova
ReShape Lifesciences
ElectroCore Medical
Boston Scientific
Cyberonics
NeuroMetrix
ImThera Medical
Inspire Medical Systems
Global Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) market, by region:
North America (U.S., Canada, Mexico)
Europe (Germany, France, UK, Italy, etc.)
Asia Pacific (China, Japan, South Korea, Southeast Asia, India, etc.)
South America (Brazil, etc.)
Middle East and Africa (Turkey, GCC Countries, Africa, etc.)
Global Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) market, Segment by Type:
Implantable VNS Devices
External VNS Devices
Others
Global Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) market, by Application
Hospitals
Ambulatory Surgical Centers
Others
Core Chapters
Chapter One: Introduces the study scope of this report, executive summary of market segments by Type, market size segments for North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, South America, Middle East & Africa.
Chapter Two: Detailed analysis of Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) manufacturers competitive landscape, price, sales, revenue, market share and ranking, latest development plan, merger, and acquisition information, etc.
Chapter Three: Sales, revenue of Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) in regional level. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and introduces the future development prospects, and market space in the world.
Chapter Four: Introduces market segments by Application, market size segment for North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, South America, Middle East & Africa.
Chapter Five, Six, Seven, Eight and Nine: North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, South America, Middle East & Africa, sales and revenue by country.
Chapter Ten: Provides profiles of key players, introducing the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product sales, revenue, price, gross margin, product introduction, recent development, etc.
Chapter Eleven: Analysis of industrial chain, key raw materials, manufacturing cost, and market dynamics. Introduces the market dynamics, latest developments of the market, the driving factors and restrictive factors of the market, the challenges and risks faced by manufacturers in the industry, and the analysis of relevant policies in the industry.
Chapter Twelve: Analysis of sales channel, distributors and customers.
Chapter Thirteen: Research Findings and Conclusion.
Index1 Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Market Overview
1.1 Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Product Overview
1.2 Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Market Segment by Type
1.2.1 Implantable VNS Devices
1.2.2 External VNS Devices
1.2.3 Others
1.3 Global Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Market Size by Type
1.3.1 Global Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Market Size Overview by Type (2018-2029)
1.3.2 Global Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Historic Market Size Review by Type (2018-2023)
1.3.3 Global Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Forecasted Market Size by Type (2024-2029)
1.4 Key Regions Market Size Segment by Type
1.4.1 North America Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Sales Breakdown by Type (2018-2023)
1.4.2 Europe Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Sales Breakdown by Type (2018-2023)
1.4.3 Asia-Pacific Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Sales Breakdown by Type (2018-2023)
1.4.4 Latin America Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Sales Breakdown by Type (2018-2023)
1.4.5 Middle East and Africa Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Sales Breakdown by Type (2018-2023)
2 Global Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Market Competition by Company
2.1 Global Top Players by Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Sales (2018-2023)
2.2 Global Top Players by Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Revenue (2018-2023)
2.3 Global Top Players by Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Price (2018-2023)
2.4 Global Top Manufacturers Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Manufacturing Base Distribution, Sales Area, Product Type
2.5 Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Market Competitive Situation and Trends
2.5.1 Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Market Concentration Rate (2018-2023)
2.5.2 Global 5 and 10 Largest Manufacturers by Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Sales and Revenue in 2022
2.6 Global Top Manufacturers by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) as of 2022)
2.7 Date of Key Manufacturers Enter into Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Market
2.8 Key Manufacturers Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Product Offered
2.9 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion
3 Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Status and Outlook by Region
3.1 Global Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Market Size and CAGR by Region: 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029
3.2 Global Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Historic Market Size by Region
3.2.1 Global Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Sales in Volume by Region (2018-2023)
3.2.2 Global Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Sales in Value by Region (2018-2023)
3.2.3 Global Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Sales (Volume & Value) Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
3.3 Global Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Forecasted Market Size by Region
3.3.1 Global Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Sales in Volume by Region (2024-2029)
3.3.2 Global Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Sales in Value by Region (2024-2029)
3.3.3 Global Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Sales (Volume & Value), Price and Gross Margin (2024-2029)
4 Global Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) by Application
4.1 Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Market Segment by Application
4.1.1 Hospitals
4.1.2 Ambulatory Surgical Centers
4.1.3 Others
4.2 Global Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Market Size by Application
4.2.1 Global Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Market Size Overview by Application (2018-2029)
4.2.2 Global Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Historic Market Size Review by Application (2018-2023)
4.2.3 Global Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Forecasted Market Size by Application (2024-2029)
4.3 Key Regions Market Size Segment by Application
4.3.1 North America Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Sales Breakdown by Application (2018-2023)
4.3.2 Europe Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Sales Breakdown by Application (2018-2023)
4.3.3 Asia-Pacific Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Sales Breakdown by Application (2018-2023)
4.3.4 Latin America Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Sales Breakdown by Application (2018-2023)
4.3.5 Middle East and Africa Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Sales Breakdown by Application (2018-2023)
5 North America Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) by Country
5.1 North America Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Historic Market Size by Country
5.1.1 North America Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Market Size Growth Rate (CAGR) by Country: 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029
5.1.2 North America Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Sales in Volume by Country (2018-2023)
5.1.3 North America Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Sales in Value by Country (2018-2023)
5.2 North America Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Forecasted Market Size by Country
5.2.1 North America Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Sales in Volume by Country (2024-2029)
5.2.2 North America Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Sales in Value by Country (2024-2029)
6 Europe Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) by Country
6.1 Europe Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Historic Market Size by Country
6.1.1 Europe Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Market Size Growth Rate (CAGR) by Country: 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029
6.1.2 Europe Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Sales in Volume by Country (2018-2023)
6.1.3 Europe Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Sales in Value by Country (2018-2023)
6.2 Europe Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Forecasted Market Size by Country
6.2.1 Europe Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Sales in Volume by Country (2024-2029)
6.2.2 Europe Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Sales in Value by Country (2024-2029)
7 Asia-Pacific Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) by Region
7.1 Asia-Pacific Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Historic Market Size by Region
7.1.1 Asia-Pacific Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Market Size Growth Rate (CAGR) by Region: 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029
7.1.2 Asia-Pacific Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Sales in Volume by Region (2018-2023)
7.1.3 Asia-Pacific Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Sales in Value by Region (2018-2023)
7.2 Asia-Pacific Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Forecasted Market Size by Region
7.2.1 Asia-Pacific Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Sales in Volume by Region (2024-2029)
7.2.2 Asia-Pacific Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Sales in Value by Region (2024-2029)
8 Latin America Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) by Country
8.1 Latin America Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Historic Market Size by Country
8.1.1 Latin America Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Market Size Growth Rate (CAGR) by Country: 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029
8.1.2 Latin America Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Sales in Volume by Country (2018-2023)
8.1.3 Latin America Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Sales in Value by Country (2018-2023)
8.2 Latin America Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Forecasted Market Size by Country
8.2.1 Latin America Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Sales in Volume by Country (2024-2029)
8.2.2 Latin America Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Sales in Value by Country (2024-2029)
9 Middle East and Africa Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) by Country
9.1 Middle East and Africa Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Historic Market Size by Country
9.1.1 Middle East and Africa Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Market Size Growth Rate (CAGR) by Country: 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029
9.1.2 Middle East and Africa Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Sales in Volume by Country (2018-2023)
9.1.3 Middle East and Africa Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Sales in Value by Country (2018-2023)
9.2 Middle East and Africa Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Forecasted Market Size by Country
9.2.1 Middle East and Africa Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Sales in Volume by Country (2024-2029)
9.2.2 Middle East and Africa Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Sales in Value by Country (2024-2029)
10 Company Profiles
10.1 LivaNova
10.1.1 LivaNova Company Information
10.1.2 LivaNova Introduction and Business Overview
10.1.3 LivaNova Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
10.1.4 LivaNova Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Products Offered
10.1.5 LivaNova Recent Development
10.2 ReShape Lifesciences
10.2.1 ReShape Lifesciences Company Information
10.2.2 ReShape Lifesciences Introduction and Business Overview
10.2.3 ReShape Lifesciences Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
10.2.4 ReShape Lifesciences Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Products Offered
10.2.5 ReShape Lifesciences Recent Development
10.3 ElectroCore Medical
10.3.1 ElectroCore Medical Company Information
10.3.2 ElectroCore Medical Introduction and Business Overview
10.3.3 ElectroCore Medical Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
10.3.4 ElectroCore Medical Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Products Offered
10.3.5 ElectroCore Medical Recent Development
10.4 Boston Scientific
10.4.1 Boston Scientific Company Information
10.4.2 Boston Scientific Introduction and Business Overview
10.4.3 Boston Scientific Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
10.4.4 Boston Scientific Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Products Offered
10.4.5 Boston Scientific Recent Development
10.5 Cyberonics
10.5.1 Cyberonics Company Information
10.5.2 Cyberonics Introduction and Business Overview
10.5.3 Cyberonics Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
10.5.4 Cyberonics Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Products Offered
10.5.5 Cyberonics Recent Development
10.6 NeuroMetrix
10.6.1 NeuroMetrix Company Information
10.6.2 NeuroMetrix Introduction and Business Overview
10.6.3 NeuroMetrix Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
10.6.4 NeuroMetrix Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Products Offered
10.6.5 NeuroMetrix Recent Development
10.7 ImThera Medical
10.7.1 ImThera Medical Company Information
10.7.2 ImThera Medical Introduction and Business Overview
10.7.3 ImThera Medical Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
10.7.4 ImThera Medical Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Products Offered
10.7.5 ImThera Medical Recent Development
10.8 Inspire Medical Systems
10.8.1 Inspire Medical Systems Company Information
10.8.2 Inspire Medical Systems Introduction and Business Overview
10.8.3 Inspire Medical Systems Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
10.8.4 Inspire Medical Systems Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Products Offered
10.8.5 Inspire Medical Systems Recent Development
11 Upstream, Opportunities, Challenges, Risks and Influences Factors Analysis
11.1 Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Key Raw Materials
11.1.1 Key Raw Materials
11.1.2 Key Raw Materials Price
11.1.3 Raw Materials Key Suppliers
11.2 Manufacturing Cost Structure
11.2.1 Raw Materials
11.2.2 Labor Cost
11.2.3 Manufacturing Expenses
11.3 Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Industrial Chain Analysis
11.4 Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Market Dynamics
11.4.1 Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Industry Trends
11.4.2 Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Market Drivers
11.4.3 Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Market Challenges
11.4.4 Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Market Restraints
12 Market Strategy Analysis, Distributors
12.1 Sales Channel
12.2 Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Distributors
12.3 Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Downstream Customers
13 Research Findings and Conclusion
14 Appendix
14.1 Research Methodology
14.1.1 Methodology/Research Approach
14.1.2 Data Source
14.2 Author Details
14.3 Disclaimer
Published By : QY Research
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